Hospital Associated Infections-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Strategies utilized by the Hospitals to Control Hospital Associated Infections. Answer: As indicated by this post, a significant wellbeing worry for the patients and the human services suppliers is the HAIs. This announcement has been additionally opined by Mehta et al. (2015), HAIs is the main source behind the expansion instances of bleakness, mortality alongside expanded emergency clinic remain and these increment the expense of the treatment. The post featured in detail the need of the observation framework in emergency clinics for HAIs. Generally medical clinics utilize strong observation framework for contextualizing the HAI trouble. In any case, the post didn't feature that separated from utilizing the reconnaissance framework, clinics additionally actualize a few other down to earth systems so as to control the spread of infectious contamination among the human services experts and patients during their stay in the medical clinic (Lowman 2016). Patients who are experiencing looseness of the bowels, neutropenia, skin rashes or other realized transmittable ailments are kept in seclusion in the emergency unit. Neutropenic patients whenever kept in disengagement lessen the odds of getting tainted with deft contaminations. This detachment methodology is likewise pertinent for the patients who are at an expanded danger of getting influenced with the nosocomial contaminations (Mehta et al. 2014). Different techniques that are utilized by the clinics so as to control the HAIs incorporate legitimate recognition of hand cleanliness, appropriate cleansing of the emergency clinic instruments and apparatuses and regalia like outfits, gloves, careful utensils and devices. This is trailed by the utilization of patient consideration instrument like cover which helps in the insurance of airborne contamination, gloves which helps in the avoidance of contact disease and research center coat which shields from bead safety measures (Mehta et al. 2014). The post could have referenced about urinary tract disease (UTI), another significant reason for grimness and mortality emerging out of the HAIs. Procedures that are utilized to control UTI include: appropriate disinfection of catheter before use, period substitution of the catheter, aseptic addition of catheter and support of shut seepage framework (Mehta et al. 2014). References Lowman, W., 2016. Dynamic reconnaissance of clinic gained contaminations in South Africa: Implementation, effect and challenges.South African Medical Journal,106(5), pp.489-493. Mehta, Y., Gupta, A., Todi, S., Myatra, S.N., Samaddar, D.P., Patil, V., Bhattacharya, P.K. what's more, Ramasubban, S., 2014. Rules for avoidance of clinic procured infections.Indian diary of basic consideration medication: peer-explored, official distribution of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine,18(3), p.149.

Barron V Baltimore

Among the first choices passed on by the United States Supreme Court, some offered constraints to the intensity of the Federal government, others developed the privileges of the Federal government, and still others separated between the forces conceded to the Federal government versus the forces allowed to the individual states.It is among this last gathering the choice in Barron v. Baltimore has a place, as it was a definitive second for the court to plainly remark on the detachment of guidelines held for the states just as the guidelines all the more fittingly allocated the Federal government. Chosen in 1833, the choice is extensive and keeps on affecting American law and society in the present day.Although the choice in Barron v. Baltimore impacts basically the Fifth Amendment, the section of the Fourteenth Amendment develops both the understanding of the Fifth Amendment just as the holding in Barron v.Baltimore. The significant player for this situation, John Barron, was a whar f proprietor in the territory of Maryland. Barron delighted in a productive endeavor using the most profound waters on the bank of Baltimore, until exercises by the city started to affect his business. In 1815, Barron affirmed that the City of Baltimore â€Å"diverted the progression of streams while participating in road construction†, making â€Å"mounds of sand and earth close to his wharf, making the water unreasonably shallow for most vessels†.(Wikipedia, 2007) Because it was the exercises of the city of Baltimore that affected his exchange and not regular disintegration, Barron felt legitimately off-base and brought suit against the city looking for harms for loss of business because of his boats not having the option to stream uninhibitedly into and out of his wharf because of diminished profundity of water. The City of Baltimore couldn't help contradicting the claims of John Barron, and rather expressed in court that they were just leading the exercises importa nt to keep up their city similar to their right.According to the primary volume of the American Law Encyclopedia, Baltimore, as a city, was modernizing in 1815, and their updates included â€Å"building banks, evaluating streets, and clearing streets†. (American Law Encyclopedia, 2007) Because those modernization exercises included occupying little conduits, and in light of the fact that a progression of normal rainstorms filled those redirected conduits with soil, the progression of water prompted the development of sediment at the purging area of the conduits, which was the wharf possessed by John Barron.A neighborhood court, after hearing the case, found that Barron had to be sure been wronged by the City of Baltimore, and granted harms in the measure of $4500, to make up for business lost. The City of Baltimore was enormously disappointed by this choice, in that it demonstrated that they had deliberately taken utilization of the land (water) claimed by Barron and utilized without remuneration, when, actually, the filling of his wharf with residue was a lamentable result of modernization exercises being directed inland.Upon request, â€Å"a Maryland investigative court reversed† and accordingly the pendulum swung back to Barron to push the case ahead. (American Law Encyclopedia, 2007) Barron did as such by engaging the United States Supreme Court, who heard the case on a writ of mistake. The choice passed on by the United States Supreme Court on account of Barron v. Baltimore spoke to one of the principal events of survey for the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. As indicated by the site entitled Common Sense Americanism, â€Å"the essential inquiry under the steady gaze of the Court was whether the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution could be made to apply to the states†. At the point when composed and sanctioned soon after the Constitution was itself composed and endorsed, the Amendments were broadly comprehended to apply to the Federal government and its activities and reach, as the activities and reach of the State governments were accommodated by the Tenth Amendment just as state enactment. Be that as it may, on account of Barron v. Baltimore, Barron looked to have the Fifth Amendment cross applied to have a neighborhood element considered responsible to the equivalent standards.The bit of the Fifth Amendment so profoundly applicable to this case states â€Å"nor will private property be taken for open use, without just compensation†. (U. S. Const. , Amend. V) The choice by the neighborhood court obviously believed that by appointing pay, the Fifth Amendment was in this manner fulfilled; the state court differ in expressing that the Fifth Amendment didn't have any significant bearing. The United States Supreme Court held essentially that â€Å"Barron had no case against the state under the Bill of Rights on the grounds that the Bill of Rights doesn't make a difference to the stat es†.(McBride, 2006) The reason utilized by the court in arriving at this dull resolution was clarified by McBride, saying that the inhabitants of the Constitution applied distinctly to the administration the Constitution makes †that is, the Federal government. Since state governments had been managed the option to make singular state Constitutions, they need rather be held to the norms made inside those archives. In a choice composed by Chief Justice Marshall, the case is excused for need of purview, in light of the fact that similar restrictions and duties allocated the Federal Government are â€Å"not appropriate to the enactment of the States†.(Barron v. Baltimore, 1833) The holding of Barron v. Baltimore stays material to the current day in light of the point of reference set in isolating the obligations of the state and Federal governments. In McCulloch v. Maryland, the point of reference set constrained the capacity of a state government to force limitations on the Federal government. In Gibbons v. Ogden, the point of reference set restricted the pretended by state governments in interstate trade, holding those forces rather to the Federal government. Be that as it may, in Barron v.Baltimore, a choice composed by a similar Chief Justice as the two earlier cases, the point of reference appeared to contrast, in that as opposed to forcing a Federal norm and Federal activities upon neighborhood networks, the Court rather recognized state and Federal powers and expressed that the activities of a nearby substance couldn't be held to similar measures set for a Federal element. Thirty-five years after the choice rendered in Barron v. Baltimore, the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed.The first arrangement of this revision firmly imitated the Fifth Amendment, however prominently leaving off the last wording with respect to remuneration for utilization of land. Though the Fifth Amendment states â€Å"no individual s hall†¦be denied of life, freedom, or property, without fair treatment of law; nor will private property be taken for open use, without just compensation†, the Fourteenth Amendment states â€Å"No State shall†¦deprive any individual of life, freedom, or property, without fair treatment of law; nor deny to any individual inside its purview the equivalent insurance of the laws†. So while the holding in Barron v.Baltimore inevitably affected the formation of the Fourteenth Amendment, remuneration for the utilization of land is outstandingly left quiet. Regardless of that, the durable heritage of Barron v. Baltimore is that in spite of an underlying holding of the inapplicability of Federal guidelines on state or neighborhood substances, it lead to the laying of preparation for as of now followed points of reference that the states are currently held to comparable principles as the Federal government, because of the entry of the Fourteenth Amendment. References Bar ron v. Baltimore. 32 U. S. 243 (1833). Barron v. Baltimore. (2007). American Law Encyclopedia, Vol 1.Retrieved March 30, 2007 from http://law. jrank. organization/pages/4681/Barron-v-Baltimore. html. Barron v. Baltimore. (2007). Wikipedia. Recovered March 30, 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Barron_v. _Baltimore. Presence of mind Americanism. (2007). Barron v. City of Baltimore. Recovered March 30, 2007 from http://www. csamerican. com/SC. asp? r=32+U. S. +243. McBride, A. (2006). The Supreme Court The First Hundred Years Landmark Cases Barron v. Baltimore. Recovered March 30, 2007 from http://www. pbs. organization/wnet/supremecourt/before the war/landmark_barron. html. U. S. Const. , Amend. V. U. S. Const. , Amend. XIV.

Racism in the USA

1. Prejudice is a social issue dependent on segregating individuals of other races.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Racism in the USA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More 2. Bigotry as the prejudicial and severe perspectives and practices against individuals having a place with various races can be considered as a social issue examined comprehensively on the grounds that it relies upon the vision of race as a social development. Hence, bigotry is seen when individuals are isolated into classifications due to their races and clear racial (frequently physical) qualities, and the agents of specific races are seen as sub-par due to social racial generalizations. 3. Distinctive populace classes can be influenced by bigotry everywhere throughout the world with references to the neighborhood dreams of either race as mediocre. In the USA, such minorities as African Americans, Latin Americans, and Asian Americans are influenced by bigotry as a result of the ir natural contrasts, for example skin shading, and in light of the created social generalizations and partialities corresponding to the job of these individuals in the public arena. Consequently, three racial gatherings involving the ethnic minorities in the nation are influenced by bigotry essentially. As per 2000 US Census, in excess of 36 million African Americans (13% of the American populace), and 47 million Hispanics (15.4% of the American populace) live in the USA. Asian Americans present 4% of the American populace (2000 US Census, 2012). Thus, over 32% of the entire American populace experienced immediate or roundabout segregation and misuse in view of their race in 2000, and this number increments. For example, 61% of Latin Americans complemented the issue of bigotry in 2010, contrasting and 47% in 2002 (2000 US Census, 2012; Clarke Thomas, 2006). 4. African Americans and Latin Americans are influenced by the issues associated with bigotry in numerous circles of their reg ular day to day existence. For example, disregarding the reality 58% of African Americans live in metropolitan zones and they are taught, they experience the ill effects of racial segregation corresponding to business and wages paid for their work (Tsuda, 2012). Despite the fact that bigotry and racial separation is legitimately restricted in the USA, there are numerous types of the roundabout segregation created inside network (Tsuda, 2012). African Americans, Latin Americans, and Asian Americans are tested to be separated due to race during the ordinary associations at schools and working environments by the delegates of the American ‘white’ majority.Advertising Looking for article on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The issues of creating generalizations concerning the minorities’ knowledge and job inside society, provocations, and misuses are introduced in the American culture. The issue is in the way that various projects intended to diminish bigotry, (for example, Affirmative Action) are seen by the ‘white’ Americans as segregating their privileges. 5. In the USA, the issue of bigotry is regularly talked about as identified with the time of servitude. The others focus on the way that the issue got not pressing during the 1960s, when Jim Crow laws were abrogated (Takaki, 1993). In all actuality, bigotry is a trademark highlight of the cutting edge American culture which adversely influences the agents of such minority bunches as African Americans, Latin Americans, and Asian Americans. Direct racial separation is restricted in the nation where beyond what 32% of the entire American populace can't be talked about as ‘white’. In any case, the issues of roundabout social segregation, reflecting in complementing imbalances and racial generalizations, are every now and again saw inside the general public. In this way, bigotry as a social issue o ught to be tended to in light of the fact that individuals ought not be partitioned into second rate and unrivaled gatherings on account of their natural characteristics and races as all people are brought into the world equivalent. References 2000 US Census. (2012). Web. Clarke, K., Thomas, D. (2006). Globalization and race: Transformations in the social creation of darkness. Durham: Duke University Press. Takaki, R. T. (1993). An alternate mirror: A background marked by multicultural America. Boston: Little, Brown Company. Tsuda, T. (2012). Migration and ethnic relations in the U. S. USA: University Readers.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Racism in the USA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This exposition on Racism in the USA was composed and presented by client She-Hulk to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

The Insider Secrets of Illegal Immigration Argumentative Essay Topics Exposed

The Insider Secrets of Illegal Immigration Argumentative Essay Topics Exposed The Secret to Illegal Immigration Argumentative Essay Topics Now there are lot of illegal immigrants in the majority of the nations, even rich countries such as USA. There are a few reasons which justify and condemn illegal immigration that I will endeavor to talk about below. He has always been an important but divisive aspect of social and political life in the United States, but in recent years, the debate about the perceived threats and benefits of immigration has intensified considerably. Many people have a tendency to think that eradicating illegal immigration is impossible and that it cannot do the job. Prostitution is related to illegal immigration. Illegal immigration has been part of a substantial problem throughout america of America. Illegal immigration has been an issue for the United States of america for a very long time. Banning immigration isn't going to enhance the condition of the US labor market or decrease the unemployment rate of native residents. Very few different nations match the breathtaking beauty and the cozy lifestyle it provides. Around the world, immigration is a popular topic as countries suffer from war and financial disasters. There has to be a body of authorities who'd monitor the illegal immigrants in a nation. With globalization and the simplicity of movement, immigrants in numerous countries are on the upswing. The price of your custom made essay will be contingent on the speed of delivery. The price of immigration ought to be reduced so as to reduce illegal immigrations. It is critical to think about the positive side of immigration at fi rst to dispel several of the arguments against it, especially in economic terms. Besides the economic factors, another key reason behind immigration is safety and security. Top Choices of Illegal Immigration Argumentative Essay Topics If you must compose an argumentative essay on immigration, but don't have enough time or energy to do it by yourself, you have located the ideal location. Immigration has turned into a large worldwide issue, especially in the area of economics, trade, and company. Immigration is the best alternative to take if you're someone from such regions. Therefore, immigration gives a chance to students who pursue new fields of study they cannot discover in their home country. Choosing topics for argumentative essays is essential for your general success. For example, here is among the ideal place to purchase essays on the internet you can go to. There are a few helpful strategies for argumentative essays. Our argumentative essay writing services provi de various points of view on a particular topic and give a very clear comprehension of the subject matter or issue. Immigration does not need to be the bad man's escape in the event the government provides enough jobs for everybody. Illegal immigrants ought to be assimilated into the American economy, but they need to not have full accessibility to the welfare programs till they have contributed their share. They play a significant role in increasing the gross domestic product of the United States. Conclusion Illegal immigrants have a marginally higher crime rate than the overall population, but in addition they work jobs that lots of people don't want for inexpensive pay. Families don't have to leave whether the nation is safe for them and their children. Taking the opportunity to fix the immigration system might actually help to fix a number of the problems people see with allowing migrants to come in the nation. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. There's no use attempting to please the opposing sides, and that means you should pick 1 side and outline the most convincing arguments to back up your thesis. To guarantee that you will locate a complete answer to every question, we've got a support team that's always online. The issue is, it's not simple to achieve that. In the very first location, there's an excellent problem of illegal. There are lots of details of the problem you'll be able to discuss in an argumentative essay on the subject of immigration. Proper researching is extremely important if writing persuasive essay. Researching the topic will enable you to find out more about what fascina tes you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. To start with, an argumentative essay is a part of formal writing. The very first step in writing a euthanasia argumentative essay is to find out more about the topic. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you could counter to your own points. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with.

The Effects of Power on Responsibility Essay - 1639 Words

The Effects of Power on Responsibility Power and responsibility have a complex relationship that is connected by factors such as a person’s morals and ethics, personality, and under what conditions the person was raised. In a world where power can be found in many forms and in many places, the use and abuse of power can be seen regularly. Power is not just being the CEO of a fortune five-hundred company, or being an elected political representative, the manager of Taco Bell has power, as well as parents as they raise their children. These are the people who have the most influence on how power is used, and if it is used with responsibility. In the United states there are five-hundred and thirty-five congressmen, a president, and a†¦show more content†¦He simply did not have the power to start a foundation for cancer. But once he gained the power, it gave him a means to the end. Often we have ideas that would show great amounts of responsibility, but simply cannot put them into action because we do no t have power, and in this way power has a great effect on responsibility. Power does not always change a person’s morals or responsibility, it just gives them the opportunity to achieve greater things that they may not have been able to accomplish before they gained their power. An increase in responsibility will change a person’s use of power because they may do things for the good of other people that are not necessarily looking out for themselves. In the case of Staff Sgt. Frank D. Wuterich, his level of responsibility was increased when he became the man in charge of a squad of marines. Many people believe that his actions were crimes against humanity, but in his situation he used his power responsibly to try to heel the men he was responsibly for alive. An article by Josh White of the Washington Post says: Staff Sgt. Frank D. Wuterich, 26, told his attorney that several civilians were killed Nov. 19 when his squad went after insurgents who were firing at them from inside a house. The Marine said there was no vengeful massacre, but he described a house-to-house hunt that went tragically awry in the middle of a chaotic battlefield.† In the circumstances, Staff Sgt. Wuterich kept theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Effects Of Power On Responsibility1619 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Power on Responsibility Power and responsibility have a complex relationship that is connected by factors such as a person’s morals and ethics, personality, and under what conditions the person was raised. In a world where power can be found in many forms and in many places, the use and abuse of power can be seen regularly. Power is not just being the CEO of a fortune five-hundred company, or being an elected political representative, the manager of Taco Bell has power, as wellRead MorePower Effect in Decision Making for Corporate Social Responsibilities2235 Words   |  9 Pagescultures with the relevant models. (15) 2. How does power effect in decision making for Corporate Social responsibilities. Kindly discuss one such initiative in details. (15) ****** Political Views Affect Firms Corporate Social Responsibility, Study Finds ScienceDaily (Sep. 19, 2008) — A new study in The Financial Review establishes a relationship between political beliefs of corporate stakeholders and the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of their firms. 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Considering what has been discussed above, the government with more responsibilities would have more incentives to obtain illegal profits when the responsibilities of governmentRead MoreEffects Of The Rule Of Law900 Words   |  4 Pagesto be explaining the effects on the rule of law in the UK if we where to leave behind the EU conventions on Human rights and repeal the human rights act of 1998 and decides replace both with the UK bill of rights and what the impacts will be across the nation including the general public and parliamentary sovereignty. You will be lightly informed on the rule of Law and the Human rights act and then briefed on weather sovereignty is effective given that the separation of powers is in place. The currentRead MoreEssay on Of Mice And Men548 Words   |  3 Pages Every day, people are faced with responsibility. Some thrive under the pressure while others crumble. Responsibility is a sign of independence. Teenagers with greater amounts of responsibility feel freedom from their parents. In the same case, too much responsibility can put more stress on that freedom-seeking teen and can have devastating effects. John Steinbeck shows the theme that in life, responsibility is best taken in moderation in his novel Of Mice and Men. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;InRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Csr1566 Words   |  7 PagesSocial responsibility or also called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)- is the firm’s engagement (voluntarily initiated) in and its compliance (legally mandated) to environmental, social, and governance issues (The Foundation, 2014). Also, is based on stakeholder’s needs being financially sustainable, and CSR can come from both corporate or not-to-profit organizations. CSR has seven categories; Leadership, vision and values; Marketplace activities; Workforce activities; Supply chain activities;Read MoreFailure Of Responsible Management : Enron Corporation1645 Words   |  7 Pagessocial corporate responsibility, leadership, planning, and organization culture. Enron would be read as the demise not just of one firm, but relate to entire economic model’ (Henwood. 2005, p. 33). The Enron case reflects many responsibility management issues; such as they are how to establish ethics standards, corporate social responsibility, and leadership function for firm. From Enron case people should understand that leader to run an organization could not without responsibility management. This

Financial Distress Air Line Industry - 3947 Words

UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE DEPARTMENT OF STUDIES IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION B. N. BAHADUR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES MANASAGANGOTRI MYSORE 570006 KARNATAKA, INDIA Seminar Paper on Financial Distress and Restructuring A Case Study of Air India Ltd Kingfisher Airlines Ltd Submitted to Dr. B. Shivraj Professor, DOSBA, UoM Submitted by Mr. Prasad V. Daddikar MBA IV Semester, Roll No. 50 Reg. No. 10MBO102 INTRODUCTION Financial distress is a term in Corporate Finance used to indicate a condition when promises to creditors of a company are broken or honored with difficulty. Sometimes financial distress can lead to bankruptcy. Financial distress is usually associated with some costs to the company;†¦show more content†¦Such models have been used by commercial banks and creditors to assess the creditworthiness of commercial users, by investors to measure a firm’s risk of insolvency, and by business managers to assess and manage the financial turnaround of distressed companies. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT OF INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES †¢ The airline industry, like many other industries, is increasingly exposed to competition. Increased competition has two effects on firms: it creates downward pressures on output prices, and it creates incentives for improving productivity and efficiency. †¢ Many airlines have been forced to undertake major restructuring in order to meet these challenges. Many researchers have used different model to decompose changes in airline profitability into two components: productivity and price recovery ability. †¢ The study concluded that increased competition in international air transport markets has put pressures on carriers’ ability to raise prices. However input prices, like labor, fuel, materials, flight equipment, ground property and equipment have been increasing. †¢ They also demonstrated that airlines have made tremendous effort to improve efficiency to counteract such trends, yet large fluctuations in profitability are still an ongoing reality. Due to these fluctuations in airline fortunes, early warning systems of imminent distress are of benefit to management and airline stakeholders such as creditors and investors. †¢ No predictionShow MoreRelatedThe Cause of Financial Distress in Airlines Industry Introduction According to International Air1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cause of Financial Distress in Airlines Industry Introduction According to International Air Transport Association (IATA), global airline industry has a history of 100 years (2014). 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Twentieth Century work Literature and Culture - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Twentieth Century work Literature and Culture. Answer: Introduction The fashion of the 20th-century Victorian society was largely different from what the populace of the older generations was used to (Carroll Wheeler, 2014). These clothes were less colorful than their predecessors, more restrictive and formal. Unlike the previous ages, the clothing for men and women varied greatly and the main objective behind their design was to bring out the individual's sexuality, to emphasize boldly on the physical differences between the two sexes. Orlando byVirginia Woolf was first published on October 11, 1928. An energetic play inspired by the volatile background of Woolf's close friend and romantic interest for over a decade, Vita Sackville-West who was herself a novelist and poet from an aristocratic family. Orlando is Woolf's one of the most distinguished novels and navigates through English literary history in a satiric nature. The book chronicles the life of a poet, whose sex mysteriously changes frombeing a male to female.Orlando lives for more than th ree centuries, meeting the pillars of English literature history. The essay focuses on the sexual motif of Orlandos sudden change in gender and the indifference he personally feels until he encounters society. Orlando was born at the time of Queen Elizabeth the First and from then goes on to live for more than 300 years. Orlando is treated as a major milestone from a feminist perspective and critics have described it as The longest and most charming love letter in literature. The first part of the essay describes the plot of the novel followed by the sexual motif of gender fluidity and the meaninglessness of gender that is presented throughout the storyline. The essay further discusses briefly the inspiration for the novel,Vita Sackville-West. She was the basis for the character for Orlando as admitted by Virginia Woolf herself (Johnston, 2016). The last part of the essay explores a couple of reviews from famous critics and their perception towards the book. Discussion Orlando was an English nobleman born in the time of Queen Elizabeth I (Danahay, 2016). He undergoes a sudden transformation in his gender around the age of 30 and lives on for more than three centuries into the modern era without any noticeable effects of aging. When Orlando was young boy, he performed the duties of a page at the Elizabethan court and soon grew into a "favorite" of the aging monarch. Once the queen passes away, he falls for Princess Sasha, an elusive and wild member of the entourage at the Russian embassy. Woolf used the picturesque Frost Fair organized on the ice-capped Thames River during the Great Frost of 1608 as a background for their intense affair. Sashas increasing unfaithfulness towards Orlando and eventually her sudden departure for Russia coincides with the thawing of the ice. The heart-broken Orlando finds a way to distract himself by going back to writinga long poem that he had started and abandoned in his younger days, The Oak Tree. He meets and hospitably entertains an inferior poet likely to bring out resentment in most people, Nicholas Greene. Greene goes on to find faults in Orlando's writing. Subsequently, when Orlando find out that Greene has criticized him in his work he feels betrayed. Orlando goes back to seek the safety of his stately ancestral home after contemplating about his recent experiences.He proceeds to decorate his home lavishly and plays host to the populace. Orlando desperately tries to flee the country after a sense of dissatisfaction creeps into him. The constant badgering of a determined suitor, the imposing and manly Archduchess Harriet reinforces his decision. King Charles II appoints him the diplomat to Constantinople. Orlando is seen falling into a deep slumber on a night of rebellion and civic disobedience. Upon awakening several days later, he finds that he has transformed into a woman. He was mentally and spiritually the same person, but in a feminine form. The narrator appears amazed by Orlando's change but Orlando personally accepts this change in a very indifferent manner. From this point on, Orlando's sexual preferences alter frequently although biologically she is female (Squier, 2017). Lady Orlando secretly escapes the city of Constantinople hiding among a group of Gypsies. The friction she experiences between her English values and the Gypsy was of life forces Orlando to head back to England. She realizes the consequences of becoming a woman on the ship back to England, when atiny glimpse of her ankle nearly causes a sailor to fall to his death. After realizing its advantages Orlando says, "Praise God I'm a woman!". On arriving in England, Orlando rejects the marriage proposal of the Archduchess yet again, who then divulge herself originally to be a man by the name of Archduke Harry. She regularly practices cross-dressing and eventually gets absorbed in the social life of that era. Orlando wins the lawsuit against her cousin over a property dispute and then a sea captain, Marmaduke BonthropShelmerdine wins her hand in marriage. Orlando credits the success of their marriage to the fact that gender held very little importance to them both. She wins a prize in after publishing The Oak Tree finally in 1928. The novel ends as her husband returns from his voyage and she rushes to greet him (Ritcher, 2015). The essay focuses on the sexuality of the protagonist Orlando, which extends to question our conventional view of male and female genders being completely separate from each other (Yazdani Cheraghi, 2014). Orlando's sex change plays a pivotal role in the novel as it brings to light the ideas that Woolf wanted to question and challenge. As Orlando wakes up as a woman from her deep slumber, she calmly proceeds to the bath after noticing her change on a mirror. While residing in the gypsy camp that was hidden in between the hills of Turkey, far away from the ideals and norms of human civilization, Orlando's sexuality has no importance in her life at all and she does not act any differently due to the change in her sex. However, she immediately notices the difference when she sails on an English ship to go back to her country. As England comes into sight, her feminine side appeals to Orlando and the tears came to her eyes, but remembering the fact that she had changed into a woman, she would let them flow. She also recalled, that men cry as frequently and as unreasonably as women from her own understanding as a man. The oppression of gender during the Victorian period is expressed by Orlando as a ring of quivering sensibility about the second finger of the left hand and the weight of the crinoline that Orlando has submissively adopted Woolf suggests that the concept of gender was created by the human society itself. Orlando adopts conventional male mannerisms when she goes out into the night in a mans clothing. The point is that the author tries to make is that if society accepts the concept of gender neutrality then people will exercise more freedom as individuals according to their personalities and live only by the rules they are supposed to follow (Tkal?ec, 2016). In the Victorian era men's clothing is seen as decorous and rigid , women's as elaborate and over the top (Halsall, 2015). Clothing covered the entire body and even the glimpse of an ankle was considered to be highly disgraceful. According to numerous critics, corsets were responsible for constricting women's bodies and their lives. Mens clothing was formal and less colorful than their predecessors, smoking jackets and gowns were often made from exclusive Oriental fabrics. A fast growing textile manufacturing market that adopted mass production techniques caused this phenomenon. Corsets emphasized on showing a woman's sexuality, exaggerating hips and bust by contrast with a tiny waist. The clothing of this era tried to draw a well-defined line between the two genders and women were highly restricted both in terms of clothing and in terms of mannerisms (Sanyal, 2014). The multiple occurrences of cross-dressing support the central idea of gender neutrality in the novel and is practiced by the likes ofArchduke Harry whocross-dresses as a woman for a large period of time but reveals himself to be a man in further down the story and by Orlando. Orlando continues to switch between the clothes of both genders even after he undergoes an actual change of sex (Wood, 2015). This motif in the novel highlights the similarities between men and women in spite of the different attires society wants them to wear. Orlando does not feel any urge to give her life up as a woman but she regrets not having the freedom she used to enjoy as a man. Here, Woolf suggests that society is too hard-handed with regard to the roles it forces men and women to play as they are very similar underneath their physical characteristics. The genders should be allowed more freedom in their actions. The fact that a woman can be perceived as a man under the covering of something as meritle ss as clothes, questions the very foundations of the Victorian era English society (Shoemaker, 2014). A society in which women were expected to be milder and softer, while the men were expected to be the stronger both physically and emotionally of the two. The concept of time is incredibly subjective in Orlando (Simpson, 2016). The few ways to tell the passage of time are new inventions and change in the monarchy. Without the clues, it would be dependent on Orlandos perception of time that is relative to his personal experiences. This reflects the way one actually experience time. As said by Einstein himself, Put your hand on a hot stove for a minute, and it seems like an hour. Sit with a pretty girl for an hour, and it seems like a minute (Williams, 2014). Woolf upholds a queer view of human gender by merging the conventional lines set by society using Victorian fashion as amedium, something that was made to demarcate and highlight the differences between the two (Stauffer, 2015). The author to merge that very same gap intelligently implemented the very clothes that were meant to create a divide in society. The inspiration for the novel came from Vita Sackville-West (Hollis, 2017).Both Woolf and Vita Sackville-West was a part of the Bloomsbury Group, an organization that was popular due to its liberalviews on sexuality (Celis, Oyarzun Anglonorteamericana, 2015). Woolf confirmed this inspiration, who wrote in her diary on 5 October 1927: And instantly the usual exciting devices enter my mind: a biography beginning in the year 1500 and continuing to the present day, called Orlando: Vita; only with a change about from one sex to the other. Nigel Nicolson, Vita Sackville-West's son, wrote, The effect of Vita on Virginia is all contained in Orlando, the longest and most charming love letter in literature, in which she explores Vita, weaves her in and out of the centuries, tosses her from one sex to the other, plays with her, dresses her in furs, lace and emeralds, teases her, flirts with her, drops a veil of mist around her. Orlando is a critical and a commercial success, it is considered as an outstanding piece of literature as well as groundbreaking for its time (Smith, 2016). The New York Times described it as unconventional even by Woolfs standards. Even though the structure of the novel is hard to grasp as the protagonist lives through three centuries in the span of the novel. They said that Mrs. Woolf has handled the subtle difficulties faced by contemporary writers brilliantly and shows the rest how to introspect profitably in the right direction. Tilda Swindon from The Telegraph wrote, I see now that at any point in a life of any length, when our relentless distractions lapse for a moment and there is that sudden flash of inspired clarity in which we see that all that life is about is nature, breathing in and out and keeping your head high until you drop, Orlando is the book to put under your pillow and rest upon. The novel has not lost its relevance and like its protagonist, it has left time powerless (Bruinsma, 2015). Conclusion Therefore, the essay talks briefly about the plot of the novel and story and mainly focuses on the fluidity of gender presented by Woolf. She established the fact that gender was a concept created and implemented by society itself. She used the gender-biased instruments and attires of Victorian England and created a world of sexual queerness and fluidity, where the line between man and woman does not seem to exist anymore. She strives to make society free from the gender bias and stereotypes where every individual can be what they want to be and not be restricted by norms put upon them. Both critically and financially, Orlando was a contemporary success. It ensured the well-being of Virginia Woolf and even in todays society, it is considered as a landmark for feminist literature. It was not only regarded as high literature but also had a tinge of gossip about it. It is also recognized as an experiment that opened new doors in English literature. There have been multiple theater adaptations of the novel and it has been made into a movie of the same name. Orlando occupies a special place in terms of womens literature, it is one of the very few notable pieces of writing by a woman who directly broaches the controversial and difficult topic of gender. This book has stood the test of time and the readers can still connect with the ideas presented by Woolf even in the present current society. References Bruinsma, Y. A. (2015). 'Give us also the Right to our Existence!'Explorations of Gender Identity in the Early 20th Century as portrayed in Virginia Woolf's Orlando and Radclyffe Hall's The Well of Loneliness. Carroll, D., Wheeler, M. (Eds.). (2014).The Victorian period: the intellectual and cultural context of English literature, 1830-1890. Routledge. Celis, A. M., Oyarzun, E. V., Anglonorteamericana, F. M. (2015). Orlando: the longest and most charming love-letter in literature Study of bisexuality in and out of fiction, in past and present. Danahay, M. A. (2016).Gender at Work in Victorian Culture: Literature, Art and Masculinity. Routledge. Halsall, A. (2015). A Parade of Curiosities: Alan Moore's The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen and Lost Girls as Neo?Victorian Pastiches.The Journal of Popular Culture,48(2), 252-268. Hollis, C. W. (2017). Virginia Woolfs Double Signature. InVirginia Woolf in the Real World: Selected Papers from the Thirteenth International Conference on Virginia Woolf(pp. 19-23) Johnston, G. (2016).The Formation of 20th-Century Queer Autobiography: Reading Vita Sackville-West, Virginia Woolf, Hilda Doolittle, and Gertrude Stein. Springer. Richter, H. (2015).Virginia Woolf: The Inward Voyage. Princeton University Press. Sanyal, S. (2014). Breaking through the Limits of Flesh: Gender Fluidity and (Un) natural Sexuality in Virginia Woolfs Orlando.Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities,6(1), 79-86. Shoemaker, R. B. (2014).Gender in English Society 1650-1850: The Emergence of Separate Spheres?. Routledge. Simpson, K. (2016). Quick and Queer: Love-Life-Writing in Orlando and Affinity. InSarah Waters and Contemporary Feminisms(pp. 43-59). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Smith, M. F. (2016). Virginia Woolf and the Hermaphrodite: A Feminist Fan of Orlando and Critic of Roger Fry.English Studies,97(3), 277-297. Squier, S. M. (2017).Virginia Woolf and London: The sexual politics of the city. UNC Press Books. Stauffer, A. (2015). Introduction. InVirtual Victorians(pp. 1-8). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Tkal?ec, L. (2016).Modernist Novel and the Idea of Progress: a Reading of Virginia Woolf's Novels-Mrs Dalloway, Between the Acts and Orlando: A Biography(Doctoral dissertation, University of Zadar. Department of English.). Williams, L. C. (2014). Virginia Woolfs history of sexual victimization: a case study in light of current research.Psychology,5(10), 1151. Wood, E. S. (2015).Embodied female voices: Sexuality and artistry in Woolf, Yeats, Joyce, and Beckett. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Yazdani, S., Cheraghi, H. (2014). A Modernist Perspective: the Concept of Gender Identity in Woolfs Orlando, from the Viewpoint of SD Beauvoir.Anthropologist,18(2), 469-476.