Meningitis Essay examples -- Health, Diseases

In nineteenth century Geneva, a family came down with a strange disease one that had never previously been diagnosed. In a short time, many people in their town were infected and thirty-three people were left dead. This strange disease was afterward determined to be meningitis. In 1806, the United States saw its first outbreak of meningitis in Massachusetts. It was not until 1887, however, that Professor Anton Weichselbaum was able to determine a cause of meningitis a bacterium called Neisseria meningitides. Penicillin was first used to combat meningitis in 1944, and in 1978, a vaccine became available. The usage of vaccines was detrimental in the battle to gain have everywhere the spread of meningitis (7). Even with these vaccines, however, meningitis continues to infect individuals today.Meningitis is the swelling of the meninges that surround the central nervous system. The tri-layered membrane is composed of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater, which protect the un derstanding and spinal heap. Meningitis is contagious to other people. It can be spread through exchange of saliva, as well as from coughing and sneezing (4). Everyone is at risk for catching meningitiseven people in good health. It is especially common in young people living in close proximity to to each one other, such as in college dorms (6). Meningitis can be caused by several things. The more common causes include bacteria, viruses, and fungus. Other, less common causes of meningitis can be cancer, witticism surgery, drugs, and chemicals (3). Bacterial meningitis is the most severe form and one must seek medical attention immediately (8). Bacterial meningitis is capable of killing a someone in just one day (6). At least thirteen strains of such bacteria exist (15). The ... ... causes swelling of the meninges surrounding the spinal cord and the brain. Meningitis can be caused by several things- the most common are bacteria, viruses, and fungus. Symptoms are comparable to t hat of the flu therefore people may not ab initio realize that they have this disease. The earlier a person seeks treatment, the better the outcome. Most people survive their battle again meningitis, but some come away(p) with lasting affects. Meningitis has been around for hundreds of years, and in that time period, there have been many advances made in the handling of the disease. With the invention of modern vaccines, meningitis is under better control and the occurrences of infection are much lower than they were in the past. With continuing research, there is still hope to make more gains in the prevention and treatment of meningitis and potentially save more lives.

Societies Case for Censorship. :: essays research papers

Pornography and obscenity is all we see and hear some today in the news, with no exception to most movies and even TV. As of 12 years old this issue strikes a bigger interest than in the past. When I flip through with(predicate) the channels and see the news or watch a TV show on that point is something always on that a younger child should not be watching or learning about unless they be older. When the world censorship is thrown around it is a genuinely controversial issue with the rights of the people and the way the companys want to present their product. When Irving Kristol wrote his article Pornography, obscenity and the case for Censorship he was putting shovel in his views and his opinions the topic of censorship and all the other obscenities in the world. Kristol is proposing a very conservative and clean way to view American literature with all its freedoms to give notice (of) what ever is wanted. When reading his article it brings up many different points such as h er main point of for the plain fact is that we all believe that there is a point at which the public authorities ought to step in to limit the self-expression of an individual or a group(604), this is exactly the way I feel on the topic. When reading this article you have to look at the central claim that the author is making and agree with him or disagree. when going through this reading there where areas of its claims that have you thinking about our society and culture as a whole, that we are a species that loves its different types of uncensored media as closely as its pornography and violence in their sports and everyday lives, no society can be utterly different to the ways that its citizens publicly entertain themselves. Bearbaiting and cockfighting are prohibited only in part out of compassion for the animals the main reason is that such spectacles were felt to debase and brutalize the citizenry who flocked to obtain them (604). When Kristol speaks about his ideas of cens orship his claim that one day, not now but someday soon that the government is going to have to take this issue of censorship within a society and place in their hands. In essence Kristol is saying that this issue of censorship is not being carried out forcefully ample and it is hurting our society in the long run.

Henrik Ibsen :: essays research papers

&9Henrik Ibsen was born in the Stockman Building in Skien, Norway. He spent part of his childhood on Venst&oslashp Farm after his father went bankrupt. In 1843, he was apprenticed to a pill pusher in Grimstad. That was when he began writing satire and elegant verses in the style of the time. He wrote his first play in 1849, a five-act tragedy in verse, Catiline, which was publish in 1850 under the pseudonym Brynjolf Bjarme. The Warriors Barrow was written and performed in 1850, as the first of Ibsens plays to reach the stage. However, it was non published until much later. Ibsen lived in Christiania (now Oslo) from 1850 to 1851 to cop his upper secondary education. From 1851 to 1857, Ibsen was playwright in residence and director of the theatre in Bergen. &9While there, he wrote St. Johns iniquity (written in 1852), Lady Inger of Osteraad (written in 1854, published in 1857), The Feast at Solhaug (written in 1855, published in 1856), and Olaf Liljekrans (written in 18 56). All these plays were inspired by category songs, folklore or history, all of which are leitmotifs that run through Ibsens works. Ibsen became creative director of The Norwegian Theater in Christiania in 1858. The next year, he wrote the historical play The Vikings at Helgeland. The Pretenders was written in 1863. Beside Bjornstjerne Bjornsons Sigurd Slembe, The Pretenders is considered the main work of historical fiction produced during this era. Henrik Ibsen married Suzannah Thoresen (1836-1914) in 1858. Soon after, he wrote the poem "On the Heights"(1859) and the play Loves Comedy (1863). The years in Christiania were difficult for Ibsen. He was given a means of splinter when a group of his friends, headed by Bjornstjerne Bjornson, collected enoughmoney for him to move to Italy in 1864. Shortly after moving, Ibsen began a major drama about Julian, but he did not complete the work until 1873, when it was published as Emperor and Galilean. The Epic Brand, a major epic -lyric poem, led to the lyric drama Brand (1866), Ibsens first unfeigned success as a writer. His next major work followed close on the heels of this success when he penned Peer Gynt in 1867. &9Ibsen move to Dresden in 1868, then to Munich in 1875. In 1869, he wrote the comedy The League of Youth. The realistic style used to stage the drama Pillars of Society (1877) focused on various problems of the day.

Gabriel Prosser :: essays research papers

The sky flushed as they put him in the cart,and suddenly Gabriel archetype of others, the ones who wereto follow him, the ones who waited in their cells because ofhis leadership, these and others, others, and still others, aworld of others who were to follow( Gabriels Rebellion).Gabriel Prosser was a slave leader who in 1800 proposed aplan to liberate slaves. Gabriel move up a plan to free hisfellow slaves in Richmond, Virginia and the surroundingcountryside. Gabriel was a blacksmith, working inBrookfield and in Richmond, who had learned to read andwrite. He was shake by the declarations of freedom duringthe Revolutionary War. During the late spring and earlysummer of 1800 he made a plan of revolt and had hundredsof followers to back him up, including his devil brothers,Martin and Solomon. His plan called for a band of armedslaves, mainly black and white laborers and artisans, to enterRichmond, Virginia and burn down the business district, takethe governor as surety and seize whatever arms they could.Then the black slaves would win there freedom. However,on August 13, 1800, the day planned for the revolt, anunusually violent storm stone-broke out, washing out bridges androads and stopping all travel. They could not reachRichmond. Also, slaves Tom and Pharoah informed theremaster. He brought the news to the governor, JamesMonroe, who had a guard placed at every marked spot forattack, called out state militia, and ordered a series ofarrests. By September fifteenth, ten good deal included in theopen revolt were hanged. Gabriel was captured onSeptember twenty fourth and hanged on October seventh,his execution having been delayed twice in hopes that hewould nettle a confession. In all thirty six people were caughtand hanged. Many other uprisings followed this one.Although, the carefully planned uprising never took place itleft timidity in the hearts of whites and pride in the hearts ofblacks. As a result of Gabriels uprising whites who hadpreviously spoke n on behalf of the slaves found themselves subdue in the Upper South. White Southerners whofavored the colonization of blacks, sending them to Africa,received more widespread support. The plot revealed therisks that blacks were prepared to take to have their

Teens and Premarital Sex :: Sexual Education Pregnancy Marriage

The Impure WaterwheelHave you ever seen a watermill? Turning continuously, they be bound in an eternal cycle. Continually spinning,, the lack of purity in the United States can be compared to that watermill, a never-ending cycle that threatens to spin divulge of control. We must intercede. Sex break of wedlock creates dysfunctional families, and teens searching for more in life, who often deviate to the reason theyre feeling so glum, sex.Having sex out of wedlock is a big problem in the United States that needs to stop. Strained by relationships on the verge of collapse and peer pressure, many teens turn to sex as an escape. Hardly sixteen, Jamie Lynn Spears is an excellent example of how family problems can pressure someone to do things they know they shouldnt. Jamie Lynns sister, Brittany Spears, is undergoing extensive criticism from the media about her new-made mental breakdown, this pressure from the paparazzi has taken its toll on Jamie Lynns life and she made a bad choice , as so many young battalion today do. With the baby, that so often follows sex out of wedlock many times a family is quickly formed out of girlfriends and boyfriends who think theyre in love. In many cases, one of the parents will leave, forming yet another dysfunctional family.Dysfunctional families are often unloving and make childhood difficult. grappling with their own problems many single parents will simply hang their children out to dry. Basically neglected, children deem themselves extremely reviled and not good enough. Off this assumption of worthlessness, many young people will label or allow themselves to be labeled as unloved. Hated by their parents, or at to the lowest degree feeling theyre hated, teens will go to extensive lengths to find self-worth. While they realize they will never be able to replace their parents love, adolescents will always try to find meaning.Teens will search for something more in life, which they never got in their childhood always. If the y feel they cant view their parents love young people will turn to other things to satisfy their need to be accepted. Grossly, many teens turn to drugs or alcohol to try to leave alone their life. Tortured by life, some people turn to popularity to appease their soul, but none of these alternatives can. Craving love, many teens turn to sex as an alternative to approach reality, or simply as a place to find the love theyve never felt.

Teens and Premarital Sex :: Sexual Education Pregnancy Marriage

The Impure WaterwheelHave you ever seen a watermill? Turning continuously, they are bound in an eternal cycle. continually spinning,, the lack of purity in the United States can be compared to that watermill, a never-ending cycle that threatens to spin out of control. We must intercede. Sex out of wedding creates dysfunctional families, and teens searching for more in life, who often turn to the reason theyre feeling so glum, fire.Having sex out of wedlock is a big difficulty in the United States that needs to stop. Strained by relationships on the verge of collapse and peer pressure, many teens turn to sex as an escape. Hardly sixteen, Jamie Lynn Spears is an magnificent example of how family problems can pressure some nonpareil to do things they know they shouldnt. Jamie Lynns sister, Brittany Spears, is undergoing extensive criticism from the media about her recent mental breakdown, this pressure from the paparazzi has taken its bell shape on Jamie Lynns life and she made a b ad choice, as so many young concourse today do. With the baby, that so often follows sex out of wedlock many times a family is quickly formed out of girlfriends and boyfriends who think theyre in love. In many cases, one of the parents get out leave, forming yet another dysfunctional family.Dysfunctional families are often unloving and make childhood difficult. Wrestling with their own problems many single parents leave simply hang their children out to dry. Basically neglected, children deem themselves extremely reviled and not good enough. Off this assumption of worthlessness, many young people will cross out or allow themselves to be labeled as unloved. Hated by their parents, or at least feeling theyre hated, teens will go to extensive lengths to rule self-worth. While they realize they will never be able to replace their parents love, adolescents will always try to find meaning.Teens will search for something more in life, which they never got in their childhood always. If they feel they cant earn their parents love young people will turn to other things to satisfy their need to be accepted. Grossly, many teens turn to drugs or alcohol to try to forget their life. Tortured by life, some people turn to popularity to appease their soul, but none of these alternatives can. Craving love, many teens turn to sex as an alternative to facing reality, or simply as a place to find the love theyve never felt.

Arthur Miller’s “Death of a Salesman” Essay

Who does not want to live the perfect life, the Ameri domiciliate reverie? Through come out of the closet Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman is in pursuit of this Dream. Willy focuses on the idealistic American dream his entire life, associating it with financial success, an excellent reputation and being headspring liked. He makes victims of his wife and of his tidingss by subjecting them to mistreatment and deprivation of a strong male role model. According to the Websters Dictionary a victim is one who is subjected to oppression, hardship or mistreatment. Willy puts far too much pressure on his elder son lap, not enough on his younger son Happy, and he makes a yes-woman out of his doting wife Linda. Willys ideas of the American Dream outweigh the realistic trials and tribulations that need to be overcome in order to achieve the Dream.The American Dream is one of success and Willy views success as being well liked. He wants Biff to be well liked and hence puts much pressure on him to be popular. During Willys flashbacks to 1929, Willy encourages Biff to be a good footb whole player rather than a good student. Willy pays so much attention to Biff and puts so much pressure on him to succeed and to be well liked that Biff does not have anything concrete (such as marks) as a backup. Willy believes that even though Bernard can get the best marks in school, that he will not survive in the business world because he is not well liked (Miller 33). Biff wants to live up to his fathers dreams. He wants his dad to be proud of him. Before the football gage at Ebbets Field, Biff promises to break through for a touchdown, just for his dad (32).As a teenager, and right up until he catches Willy cheating, Biff does everything he can to get into Willys good books. He is the star football player and popular enough to order his friends around Fellas Everybody sweep out the furnace room (34). Then, all of a sudden, things change. After finding Willy and Miss Fra ncis together, Biff comes to the conclusion that his father is not as important as he makes himself out to be he Mr. Birnbaum wouldnt listen to you Willy (120). This is the turning point in Biffs life because he becomes a victim of Willys actions. At this point, in a hotel room in Boston, Biff gives up on his life and the dream of success when he decides that he is not going there the University of Virginia (120). Willy has ruined his sons chances at getting a good education and asuccessful career.Willy puts so much emphasis on Biffs success, that he neglects Happy. As a result, Happy feels the need to follow in Willys footsteps in order to gain the level of respect and attention from his father that is presumption to Biff. Happy feels this neglect as a teenager and feels the need to satisfy his dad Im losing weight, you notice, Pop? (33). Happy wants to be popular and well liked in order to get some positive attention from Willy. Even as an adult, Happy holds on to the need to imp ress his dad and to withstand him content with his life.Happy wants Biff to lie to their father about keep an eye oning Bill Oliver because Willy is never so happy as when hes spirit forward to something (105). Happy wants Willy to be pleased with Biff because that would keep Willy happy and could stop him from having flashbacks and talking to himself. Success in business is one of Willys goals for the American Dream and thus, Happy wants to be a businessman because he is seeking his fathers approval.While in pursuit of the American Dream, Willy needs individual to support him and to agree with all of his decisions. Linda is there for him throughout the hard times. She guides him by being supportive of his decisions and even supports his lying. She knows that he goes to Charley to borrow fifty dollars a workweek and pretends to her that its his pay (57). Linda allows him to feel important, at least in front of his own family. Not only does she defend him in front of their sons, but she withal tries to keep the peace between her husband and Biff.Willy doesnt appreciate this as he should, turning on her when she tries to get him to listen to Biff, telling her dont take his Biffs side all the time (65 ). Later, when she tries to comfort him, he tells her to get to bed (134). She endures him yelling, stop interrupting (64) without breaking down, only to ask him whether she should?sing (68) to soothe him. He has trained her to take his harsh words and act like nothing has happened. Linda is the glue that keeps the Loman family together as she tries to get Willy and her sons to speak calmly and peacefully and to see the best in each other.Ultimately, the Loman family is affected by the American Dream gone awry.Willy Loman is very focused on this dream and his familys success in business. Consequently, he mistreats his sons and his wife, making victims of them. His sons do not have a strong male role model who they can look up to during their maturing years. I nstead, they have a daydreaming, failing salesman for a father, whose sole objective in life is to live the American Dream. He has also trained their mother to agree and comply with everything he says. The American Dream implies happiness and for Willy Loman that happiness is to die the death of a salesman. We have to wonder how the idea of death can bring happiness to souls life.

A Definition of Organizational Culture Essay

Organizational culture refers to a system of sh ared meaning held by members that distinguishes the geological formation from other judicatures. Seven primitive characteristics seem to capture the essence of an organizations culture1.Innovation and risk takingThe degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks.2.Attention to itemThe degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis and attention to detail.3.Outcome orientationThe degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to procure them.4.People orientationThe degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.5.Team orientationThe degree to which work activities are organized approximately teams rather than singles.6.AggressivenessThe degree to which people are aggressive and competitive rather than belatedlygoing.7.StabilityThe degree to which organi sational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth.Creating and Sustaining growAn organizations current customs, traditions, and general route of doing things are largely due to what it has done before and how successful it was in doing it. This leads us to the ultimate source of an organizations culture its founders. Free of previous customs or ideologies, founders have a vision of what the organization should be, and the firms small size makes it easy to impose that vision on all members. Culture creation occurs in three ways. First, founders bring and keep only employees who think and feel the same way they do. Second, they indoctrinate and socialize these employees to their way of thinking and feeling. And finally, the founders own behavior encourages employees to identify with them and internalize their beliefs, values, and assumptions. When the organization succeeds, the founders personality becomes embedded in the culture.Keeping a Culture Alive Once a culture is in place, practices within the organization maintain it by giving employees a set of similar experiences. The selection process, action evaluation criteria, training and development activities, and promotion procedures ensure those hired fit in with the culture, reward those who support it, and penalize those who challenge it. Three forces play a particularly important part in sustaining a culture selection practices, the actions of top management, and socialization methods.1.SelectionThe explicit goal of the selection process is to identify and hire individuals with the knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform successfully. The final decision, because its significantly seed by the decision makers judgment of how well the candidates will fit into the organization, identifies people whose values are essentially consistent with at least a good portion of the organizations.2.Top ManagementThe actions of top management also have a major strike on the organization s culture. Through words and behavior, senior executives establish norms that filter through the organization nigh, for instance, whether risk taking is desirable, how much freedom managers control employees, what is appropriate dress, and what actions earn pay raises, promotions, and other rewards.3.SocializationNo matter how good a job the organization does in recruiting and selection, new employees need uphold adapting to the prevailing culture. That help is socialization. For example, all Marines must go through boot camp, where they prove their commitment and learn the Marine way. New recruits go to an internal tissue portal to learn about the company and engage in some activities that help them understand the culture of the organization. After they start work, they continue to learn about the organization through an ongoing social networking application that links new workers with more established members of the firm and helps ensure that culture is transmitted over time.w hy is culture important?Culture can affect business outcomes in a number of ways, both positive and negative. For example, cultures that are not aligned with embodied strategy can lead to decreased loyalty, a lack of motivation, and high employee turnover. Healthy cultures, however, impart pride and a sense of purpose to employees, leading to increase productivity and a greater understanding of corporate goals, as with the employee at the car manufacturing plant. Strategy, operational performance, and culture are all strongly related. High-performing companies often hitch culture as an enabler of strategy and performance, and want to create a culture that will support and enable employees in achieving those goals.Define and evince Cultural regenerationA typical organization has an extensive range of people who have cultural and personal differences. A small business interested in promote cultural miscellanea among its employees endeavors to create mutual respect for the differe nt cultures, along with enabling personnel to reach their full potential. Acknowledging diverse cultures enables the organization to positively influence the organizational behavior that, in turn, enhances the performance and image of the organization. The business should portray the cultural diversity aspect of the organization in the mission statement.The Positive diverge of Cultural Diversity in Organizational Behavior Cultural diversity involves the differences in the composition of members of an organization in terms of nationality, race, color, gender, creed, religion or age, in other words, an array of culture found among people from diverse backgrounds. Organizational behavior refers to the disposition of interactions among people and groups within an organization. The positive influence of cultural diversity facilitates members of the organization to build relationships and acknowledge each other regardless of their differences of origin and background.Transforming Organi zational BehaviorThe patterns of behavior in the organization are influenced by the nature of interactions and degree of diversity within the organization. The business,therefore, should seek to create an organizational culture that not only enhances the diversity of its workforce composition but also boosts individual performance. The positive influences of cultural diversity not only enable the organization to increase the scope of its reach the business also receives favorable exposure from every(prenominal) sector of the population due to its multicultural approach.Sustaining Positive Influence ProgramsPrograms for positive influence should always be adjusted to suit the dynamic nature of interactions among people. Establish regular forums and educational programs in which participants are trained to be sensitive to and appreciate cultural diversity, as well as in maintaining desirable organizational behavior. Regularly post motivational quotes and messages of cultural diversit y on public bulletin boards. Concentrate on creating programs that internalize cultural diversity into the organizations behavior.

Imperialism in Heart of Darkness

Before world published in the present form of the novel, union of Darkness was printed in a serial form in 1899 and then part of a volume entitled Youth A Narrative and Two Other Stories in 1902. Based on Conrads profess personal experiences after the Afri jakes country of the Congo and the famous Congo River flowing through this country the story assumed the present novel. It was in this class 1890 that Conrad had performed his sailing trip upon the river Congo as a captain or skipper of a Belgian steamship.During his trips, Conrad studied at first hand the conditions which prevailed in the Congo and formed his own impressions of the kind of life which the savages were leading under the imperialist Belgian rule. Conrad also observed the attitude of white traders and their humanner of treating the indigenous savages. His reaction to the treatment was unpleasant and, in fact, he was greatly dismayed and even shocked at what he observed. We find in his novel, purport of Darkness , more(prenominal) or less a record of all this which experienced during his own travels through the Congo and the Dark Continent.The title of the novel sprightliness of darkness signifies hardly the interior of the dark country known as the Congo. The theme of Heart of Darkness is the conditions prevailing in the Congo under the imperialist rule of the Belgian King, Leopold II. These conditions include the impact of white traders and explorers on the life of the African savages, and the influence of the native way of life on the white man, with special reference to peerless man who is given the name of Kurtz. In fact, Conrads novel Heart of Darkness has several themes, one of which is the theme of imperialist exploration of a regressive country.In this essay Ill show imperialism intervened with his life and Conrad as a victim of imperialism the experiences of Conrad in the dark country of the Congo where the white man had get going unsuccessful in performing civilizing funct ion. I will end my essay discussing the white mans callous treatment towards the native savages and demonstration of their hypocrisy in the novel. Joseph Conrad (Jozef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski) worked as sailor on French and British ships before becoming a naturalized British subject in 1886. He developed an refine and beautiful English prose style.His work was adventurous and darkly pessimistic. One of the most noted practioners of literary impressionism, Conrad offered a fictional rendering of subjective chemical reaction that had a profound impact on writers like Ford Madox Ford and Virginia Woolf. He wrote that the primary task of the novelist was to make you see. Conrad was born in the city of Berdychiv in Russian-controlled Ukraine, on December 3, 1857. Conrad was orphaned at the age of eleven. His father was imprisoned by the Russians for his nationalist political activities. At the age of seventeen he went to Marseille to fail an apprentice in the merchant marine.He wa s hired to take a steamship into Africa, and according to Conrad, the experience of at first hand horrors of colonial rule left him a changed man. Heart of Darkness is a fictionalized exploration of his life. Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness is sizablely a record of Conrads own experiences in the dark country of the Congo. The consultation named Marlow, the brain narrator in the novel, is largely none else but Conrad. Marlow, like Conrad, experiences a strong sense of disillusion and disappointment after observing the bearing of the white traders and also the conditions of the natives.There is a lot of resemblance between Conrads Congo Diary and the contents of the novel Heart of Darkness to justify such(prenominal) an assumption. It might be said that Marlows view of philosophy of life is very much the same as that of Conrad himself. Conrad in the novel talks roughly the unproductive efforts of the white-men to civilize the savages. The white-men instead became exploiters. At the time the Congo was being governed by the Belgian King, Leopold II, the Belgian trading companies were sending their agents into Congo for trading purposes.The chief commodity these Belgians found worthy was ivory and to the native savages ivory was of no use. The white traders collected ivory and sent it to Europe where it could be used profitably. We can see, throughout the novel, the mention of ivory is constant and dominates the thoughts of almost all the white characters, like the manager of the cardinal Station, the Brick Maker, and many differents. They loiter around the country in search of ivory and Marlow describes these agents as faithless pilgrims. Subsequently we find that ivory not only dominates the thoughts of Mr.Kurtz but has become an obsession with him. Marlow is told by the manager of the Central station that Kurtz collects more ivory than all the other agents put together. Thus, ivory becomes the symbol of rapaciousness in the novel, symbolizing the whit e mens greed and commercial mentality. We have the failure of Mr. Kurtz to civilize and uplift the savages of the Congo. Even Mr. Kurtz who has begun to identify himself with the savages, has done nothing for the uplift of the natives. Instead of improving their mode of life, he has himself become a savage in their company.He has begun to satisfy his various lusts without any limits. Even in his prime of life, when he had supported the view about white mans civilizing role, he had written down the following words conveying an opposite message Exterminate all the brutes. Instead of a civilizing effect in the novel, we find the white mans callous treatment towards the savages. The sight seen by Marlow after getting down from the streamer is very disheartening and freighting. This reflects the miserableness and the misery of the natives of the Congo. Marlow sees a lot of black people mostly naked, moving about like ants.Later he sees half a dozen men enchained to one another, and ea ch wearing an iron collar in his neck. Marlow feels deeply upset to see the sight. Alongside, there are quite a few other scenes which clearly demonstrate the hypocrisy of the white men. They are simply wasting time and effort to show that some kind of constructive work is going, slice in actuality there is none. There is a project to construct a railway line in this region but Marlow sees that a rock is being blasted with gunpowder even though this rock doesnt stand as an obstruction. Then he also comes across some pieces of decaying machinery, and a large heap of rusty rails.The whole effort of the white man is completely misdirected. The futility of the white mans efforts becomes clearer when we come across certain employees of the trading company. Marlows description of the brick maker is satirical. He describes him as a paper-mache Mephistopheles because of this mans cunning. In the end we may say that Conrad has exposed the Belgian imperialism in Heart of Darkness. There are wider implications of the Belgian imperialism as depicted by Conrad in his novel. It conveys to us the deceit, fraud, slave-trading and other cruelties of the Belgian rule.But Conrad here is not only exposing the hollowness and the weakness of the Belgian imperialist rule over the Congo, but also indirectly remind us of the British imperialist rule over the countries of the world of his time. Heart of Darkness is an autobiographical novel, in the sense that the book contains indirectly Conrads own experiences in the dark country known as the Congo, and is a firsthand account of his own voyage upon the river also named as the Congo. But the novel is not a straight biography as Conrad doesnt speak in his own person but through the character of Marlow and also through another narrator.

Rogerian Argument Drilling in ANWR

However, bore in this vote out also bugger offs the conjecture of destroying the habitat of birds that migrate to this area yearly, caribou that use this thrown as a calving ground, fish that fill the rivers and lakes, as well as grizzly bears, wolves, elk and hundreds of other species that depend on this habitat for food, shelter and safety. There is no debate that there are passionate debates, important facts and amazing possibilities that concern both sides of this argument. And even If it were possible to use up political agenda from the table, It would still be a very difficult debate to win for either side.My hopes are to come to a conclusion that would value both parties Involved. I strongly feel that any drilling In this area would be detrimental to the surrounding area, as well as bring possible harm to the countless animals, birds and fish that use this safe haven yearly for migration, calving and egg laying and feeding. The decision to either drill or not to drill w hitethorn not have a direct impact on us now, but in the old age to come, good or bad, we will all see the changes that this decision will have resulted in.There are many others, like you, that believe that drilling in INWARD is the perfect elution to our real economic situation. The possibilities of new Jobs and shiftdom from purchasing oil from unstable and hostile countries Is tempting and seems like a wonderful alternative to our current circumstances. Eve carry reports that state that we could create up to 736,000 new Jobs. The assessment of these numbers was broken down Into Jobs such(prenominal) as manufacturing, milling, trade, services and construction.In addition the plethora of new habit opportunities there are reports that show that drilling in INWARD could produce up to 1,000,000 barrels of oil a day. These same reports claim that producing such a large amount of oil each day would replace the oil that we purchase from Saudi Arabia, which in turn would put about $5 0,000,000 sticker into the join States Economy. There are many believable reports that technology has far advanced itself in relation to the process of drilling oil and that the new equipment and processes for obtaining the oil from tubing would be incredibly safe and urn-invasive to the surrounding area.In addition, I understand that the size of the area that is being considered for drilling Is about the size of the state of South Carolina and that the land Is barren, windswept and that this particular area Is desolate of any wildlife or vegetation. The Alaskan National seems like a good idea. In fact, I think its kinda tempting to dream of one day not to reduce the U. S. Federal deficit and at the same time boosting the local economy and putting Ameri fuckings back to work. I can see the benefits to drilling in this land if the results would be as extensive as they appear to be in these reports.Of course for either report that lists the benefits of drilling, there is another that refutes it. In doing my research I actually switched positions from being pro-drilling to anti- drilling. I realized that although the process of drilling in recent eld has become a much safer method for both the driller and the surrounding area, there were still too many possibilities of problems for the wildlife and vegetation that call the area home. Take for shell the event that occurred in 1989.The Interior Departments stamp of approval for drilling in this oil rich land became a catalyst for a movement among the Senate drill. On March 24, 1989, skilful days after the report from the Interior Department, the Exxon Valued cast off occurred dumping 11 million gallons of crude oil over thousands of miles of atomic number 20 coastline. According to the National Wildlife Federation, a very reputable source, marine life still hasnt completely recovered from this monstrous oil spill. At the time of the spill it was discovered that thousands of birds had died of hypothermia due to the coat of oil covering their feathers.Sea turtles were stranded in oily waters, including the endangered Kemps riddle sea turtles. Whales and fish were killed and the ones that survived had ingested the oil which is known to perplex ulcers and even internal bleeding. Research shows that the effects of the oil can even affect the offspring of these marine animals. Dolphins were studied for years and had shown to be very ill. In addition the marine animals, the coral and reefs were also affected by the oil. Many of these amazing formations were shown to be dying or dead.The loss of these underwater habitats caused many living marine animals to be homeless which leaves them open to predators. Another oil spill like this could be catastrophic to these marine animals as well as our gashing industries as well as our tourism. It would be awful to create thousands of jobs in order to drill oil and then cost thousands of others their Jobs because of an oil spill. I understand that this is Just a possibility, but I feel it is definitely some to be considered when discussing the safety of drilling in INWARD.No one can promise that this wont run again. I do realize that there are new ways to prevent a spill and to clean up a spill once it has happened. For exemplification we now know oaf bacteria that have been found to eat the oil which is very promising, however, cleaning up an oil pill in Alaska can provide its own special challenges with the freezing weather and ice. Another important fact to consider when deciding to support drilling in INWARD is whether or not the benefits of drilling in this reserve would out way the cost.I wondered if there would be enough oil produced to actually realize the hope of becoming free from our dependence on the unstable oil producing countries that we rely on so heavily for fuel. There are many reputable sources including an article on the frosty National Wildlife Refuge US Fish and Wildlife Services website that claim ha t we would not see any oil production for about 10 years after drilling begins. There is no doubt that the land in this region of Alaska is filled with an abundance of oil. Weve known about the existence of oil in this land for years.Exactly how much of an abundance, however, still remains to be seen. It is anyones guess as to how much oil currently lies beneath the land. This is very contradictory to pro-drilling supporters of drilling in INWARD report that the oil companies are using a much safer method of drilling the oil at this time, there is not much training regarding the new technique that is being referred to. It is however hinted to be related to the underground oil pipes that have been built. It evens seems like the Alaskan residents are split on this issue. On one hand it would create Jobs and give a boost to the economy.On the other hand however there is the possibility of their main source of food, the fish and seals, may actually move father away in order to escape t he pollutants and toxins in the air. Either way you look at the situation, there are pros and cons to drilling for oil in INWARD. The beautiful countryside is blossoming with hundreds upon hundreds of mammals such as the black grizzly, the caribou and he elk, migrating birds such as ducks, geese and quail and sea creatures galore versus the possibility of a robust economy, American Jobs and less dependency on other countries.They are both very important issues to consider and should not be interpreted lightly. This world is a precious gift that we leave for our children and it is our job to make sure that we protect the culture of Alaska, with respect to the innovations and possibilities of providing for our countries future as well. It may be time to turn our attention to a new source of energy. As technology advances, so does our awareness of the possibilities that await us. Maybe it is time to look ahead(predicate) to advancements that could completely terminate our dependency o n hostile, foreign countries for our fuel demands.I think that it would be a great compromise to spend our time, resources and technology to develop a fuel source that we know we could depend on. The earths oil sources will eventually run dry. There will come a point when we will have to look elsewhere to fuel our cars and to heat our homes. Its my opinion that we should begin looking for that next energy source now. There are many renewable resources such as wind, sun, water as well as one that is very citing. Celluloses ethanol is a source that has been used for a few years now.This is a renewable energy source that is derived from fermented corn. This particular type of energy can be used to fuel cars and eventually homes as well. There is still research to do and it would take a lot of changes to make this a reality such as remodeling our vehicles so that they would run off of this type of fuel. This is not something that could happen overnight, but it is something that could be accomplished within 10 years, which subsequently is the amount of time it would aka for the United States to even begin reaping the benefits of drilling in INWARD.

The Destructors and Lord of the Flies

The Destructor and the Lord of the Flies Being a successful leader doesnt mean that you bear to be offensive and to use the power of authority. Both, in the destructor story and Lord of the Flies novel we could find some similarities in the way how the young children get alongd to be leaders and to achieve what they wanted. In the Lord of the Flies we can find two characters of two young children that used to be leader. In one stead we had Ralph whose aim was how to escape from the island and in the other aspect we had Jack whose grief was how to secure food.Ralph was very calm and well educated boy but he had one problem hat he couldnt managed to have under control Jack. This might be because of lack of knowledge since he was too young. Ralph ideas of taking cope about the fire was brilliant, this is because if we have a list of equipments that we need to survive in such places in the first place should be a reverberate or light that would reflect the light , so that would be a chance for them to be identified from a long distance.Jack character was too aggressive and he wanted to be a leader and to take things under control, but the problem was that he didnt see any long term rootage besides securing food. He was not cooperative with the others and wanted to control situation using his power which in most of cases doesnt work and this was shown as well since he started to get control in his tribe, some of them lost their lives. In the end of the film we can conclude that Ralph idea that he gave when he took leadership was realized.Soldiers wouldnt apothegm them, if there were not any fire on the field. In the Destructor story we can find some other characters of young children. In one side we had Blackleg who was appointed as a leader of a gang with voting but since he didnt have any new ideas he didnt manage to keep the leadership. When T comes and he gave his idea he immediately keep leading and he achieved to realize his goal by managing the team by relegating duties to each of them in order to make them all involved.Finally we could say that having a good ideas and being creative and being able to manage and implement in proper way this is how usually works in many cases but you need to have an experience and to be able to keep things under control. In Jacks case he proved that being a leader and using authority and power doesnt really work and possibilities to fail are more(prenominal) than to win. Shaped. The Destructor and Lord of the Flies By Shipped

India Is A Democratic Country

India is a democratic country. Elections form the very basis of democracy. The parliamentary system holds elections for the composition of the government. They ar very important for the effective functioning of the democracy. Through the elections, roughhewn people are able to raise their voice. They choose representative of their choice. Thus, a government of the people, by the people and for the people. The Indian Parliament is comprised of the head of the country known as the President and the two Houses namely The House of the People (Lok Sabha) and The Council of States (Rajya Sabha) which are the legislature.The President of India is in charterly elected, for a 5 year term, and the Electoral College, is used, where the Members of Parliament of both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, and the Members of Legislative Assemblies from all the lands and Indian territories cast their take. The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives of people chosen by direct election on the basis of Universal Adult Suffrage. Lok Sabha has 545 members, 543 members elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies and two members appointed to represent the Anglo-Indian community. Lok Sabha Elections, elect the salad days Minister of India.Rajya Sabha has 245 members, 233 members elected for a six-year term, with one-third retiring every two years. Members of Rajya Sabha members are indirectly elected and are chosen by the elected members of the state and territorial assemblies. The remaining 12 members are nominated by the President of India, usually with the advice of the Prime Minister of India. The individual states have their own governing automobile trunk known as Vidhan sabha. National and state elections are ordinarily held every five years they may be postponed in an emergency and may be held more frequently if the government loses a confidence vote.In our country, the policy of adult franchise through a secret ballot is exercised in elections. It is a vot er turnout method in which a voters choice in an election is confidential. Universal Adult Suffrage or general or common suffrage can be referred to as right field to vote to adult citizens. Every citizen of India enjoys the right to vote. In our country India, Indian citizen (adult) of the age 18 or above is in line to vote for the country irrespective of the caste or race.Any Indian who has attained the minimum age of 18 years on fore about January of the year can register himself or herself as a voter. Mentally challenged souls, the persons on whom Criminal Charges, offences relating to elections are registered cannot vote. The elections votes in election poll play a great role in making a political party a winner or loser. Now a day, the system of electronic right to vote has been introduced to have a fairer election process. To maximize the participation of voters, polling stations are set up in public institutions within 2 kms of every voter.Thus the ultimate power lies w ith the people of India Every child whether boy or a girl reading in the schools is the future citizen of the country. Although he or she is not at one time called upon to vote or make laws, but they will have to do the same in the near future. As a citizen of tomorrow, every young person should prepare himself for this task from now on. Presidential elections have their own importance. In our country, most of the people are disinterested in the elections and the political activities of the country, so most of them do not go for voting which is really a bad thing.Voting is not an easy task. It is very necessary to take right decision whom to vote for and why to vote him. We should always keep in mind while voting if the candidate we are voting for really deserves to get voted and is really eligible to become our leader. The country is ours and we are the ultimate ones to craft and give our country a new and the best shape by voting a right and the best leader for ourselves. So, do not sleep and go to vote as we all can shape a new and better country.

History of Management Theory

Running Head HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT THEORY History of Management Theory Troy Thompson 5409 Foxglove Drive, Bossier City, LA 71112 318-918-7413 emailprotected com MSM 500 May 21, 2010 tell apart Instructor Dr. David Bouvin Ellis University Introduction People and processes are the main elements under management purview, and it is interesting to learn how managerial philosophy pertaining to these two elements has evolved from the Industrial Revolution through place the Progression Era and into the modern workplace.The purpose of this paper will focus on Frederick Taylors Scientific Management, also known as the Taylor System, and Elton mayonnaises Human Relations blood line models and how they relate to this managerial evolution. Both Taylor and Mayo were iconic master forefronts who lit the torch of innovative management for America to progress out from sidereal days of uncontrolled process variation and unethical human treatment towards a new beginning of quality management and hum an respect in the workplace.The primary sources examined are Chapter 1 of Frederick Taylors The Principles of Scientific Management, and The Encylopedia of the History of American Management, Elton Mayo. Both sources will guide this paper in the direction of modern day relevancy. The Taylor System Before the Taylor System, factories during the Industrial Revolution concentrated on meeting the demand agriculture commerce from both home and abroad (Montagna, 1981). The focus was non necessarily on quality or the treatment of human labor (Montagna, 1981). Instead, the environment reflected heavy-and-go forms of process flow combined with poorly supervised labor.With his engineering mind and passion for efficiency, Taylor responded to these inadequacies and began his efforts of applying mathematics and engineering principles to eliminate unnecessary effort in operations. The Taylor System gave birth to the following management practices Incentive-Driven work performances, Time-Motion S tudies, Centralized Management, Task Specialization, and prize Control (Taylor, 1911). All these adoptions gave rise to a new management school of thought centered around a more productive work place, which Taylor considered to be maximum prosperity (Taylor, 1911).Taylor firmly believed in developing captains of industry rather than waiting on natural-born leaders to come along (Taylor, 1911). He also recognised a need for more involvement from the supervisors in the workplace to help eliminate what he referred to as soldiering, or, laxed employee output. He said, The 30 percent to 100 percent increase in wages which the workmen are able to earn beyond what they receive under the old type of management, coupled with the daily intimate articulatio humeri to shoulder contact with the management, entirely removes whole cause for soldiering (Taylor, 1911).As the turn of the twentieth century neared, the progressive landscape begged for more efficient vocation practices (The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, line 16). This was the optimal time for the principles by which operational capacity could be measured, analyzed, streamlined, and controlled to take hold. This schema then became a cornerstone on beset of the keen Depression and followed by future management theorists from then on after. One criticism of Scientific Management is that it demanded top-performance in every worker and near thoroughgoing(a) throughput on the production line, developing into a quasi authoritarian-style form of bureaucracy.Workers were afraid to out-produce one another on the basis of peer pressure (Taylor, 1911). Taylors system was based on good intention, but just lacked understanding of the human side to the workplace. This left room for the work of Elton Mayo to yield fruition. Elton Mayo (Human Relations) Elton Mayo became famous through the Western Electric Company research project. The initial purpose of the project was to find ways to improve worker productivity. He and his s quad looked at how lighting, rest breaks, room temperature, etc. ffected worker productivity (Mayo, 2006). Through his research, he found a distinct discovery knows as the Hawthorne Effect, which exposit an increase in output by workers who perceived that they are being watched and studied somehow (Mayo, 2006). Mayo viewed the Hawthorne Effect as a symptom of a bigger issue. He then diverted from his original hypothesis of physical factors to the examination the socio-political factors. What he found was that employees valued acceptance by their peers more than anything else (Mayo, 2006). excessively unique about Mayos observations was the paradigm-burst that employees were not motivated primarily due to compensation, but were motivated primarily due to job satisfaction this, of course, was a stark difference in Taylors theory that men were motivated best when they were given wages that were commensurate with their skill level. In support of Mayoism, as his principles later became known for, I applaud his principles of human relations that captured the essence of the Progressive Era in that they advanced employee respect in the workplace.Due to his influence, business leaders began to ask the question, what can be done to make our employees happier? New policies were adopted such as exit interviews, participative problem solving, and most novel of all human relations (Mayo, 2006). Conclusion The essence of Taylor and Mayos legacies are of human ingenuity applied to enhance work settings, in terms of both people and processes. The best form of both elements can be seen in todays business strategy of perpetual process improvement, which is a grouping effort to optimize key processes in an organization.From Six Sigma, to Gantt Charts, to Brainstorming, to Exit Interviews, it is hard to imagine a work setting without the production techniques these two management gurus inspired. For example, the melodic phrase Force has embraced a culture of innovation called Air Force Smart Operations for the 21st Century (AFSO21). Through AFSO21, Airmen are encouraged to look at the way they do business and think of ways to make their areas more efficient, more safe, energy-saving, and effective.Many Fortune 500 companies have also incorporated continuous process improvement into their business mantra as a result of business management education guided by the wisdom of Taylor and Mayo. References American Society of Quality. http//www. asq. org/learn-about-quality/history-of-quality/overview/industrial-revolution. html Mayo, G. (2006). In Encyclopedia of the History of American Management. Montagna, J. (1981).The Industrial Revolution. Taylor, F. (1911). The Principles of Scientific Management. New York Harper Bros. , 1911 5- 29. The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers. The Progressive Era. Teaching Eleanor Roosevelt, ed. by Allida Black, June Hopkins, et. al. (Hyde Park, New York Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site, 2003).

Managing High Performance Work Teams

Relationship to ManagementIn indian lodge to facilitate optimal efficiency in an organization, at that place ar a lot of factors to consider first like the financial stability, economic and securities industry stability, and informal stability. As for the scope of this paper, all of the discussion leave give emphasis on the role of sexual stability on the success of an organization.Internal stability may originate on how tumesce the samara persons of an organization work with respect to ace another, like for instance, the organisational structure or the type of managerial strategy that is being implemented by the management.Actually, there are two approaches in managing an organization to wit first, letting the employees to use their creativity in holdling various situations concerning the guild without the supervision from the top officials and the human race of a manager to supervise and delegate chore to the employees. From the said two management approaches, it is the former which is to a greater extent efficient and effective especially if the employees has enough skills and responsible enough to time lag various tasks concerning the entire organization. In this regard, the idea of high-pitched Performance Work aggroups arises. game Performance Work aggroup is basically comprises of two or more individuals working(a) together in order to attain specific goals or objectives (Barkman, 1993). Oftentimes, this type of groups industrial plant indep shuttingently without the need of supervision coming from any of the top officials for they assume enough skills and talents to almost handle the tasks of a manager. Moreover, this kind of group has the ability to perform at the highest level even for an extended point of time.Most of the organization nowadays uses High Performance Work Team in order to manage an organizational conflict which concerns various department of an organization or just to maintain and break off good working relatio nship among members. Just like what has been discussed a while ago, High Performance Work Team endure almost take the place of a manager since the group can even handle the facilitation of meetings and develop goals and plans. This is how flexible High Performance Work Team is.On the other hand, effective leadership besides plays a vital role for the attainment of harmonious working environment and relationship among the members of the organization (Bolen, 2001). Leaders are the maven responsible for delegating the task and solicit ideas from its members and collaborating those ideas into a more efficient and effective ideas. It is also the leaders who take the initiative to influence its members to perform their responsibilities and the one responsible for motivating all the members of the organization.Furthermore, one of the qualities that a leader must posses would be the ability to determine long term opportunities in order to provide the organization sustainable development (Clark, 2007). In other words, a leader must learn the future of the organization and do not just focus on what is currently at hand in the short run. Short run goals are being handled by a manager further when it comes to visualizing the long term eudaimonia of the organization it is the job of a leader.In this regard, it is clear that a leader and a great manager, may it be an individual or a group of people like High Performance Work Team, plays a vital role on the stability and success of the organization at present and in the near future. This is the reason wherefore they are very important key person in the management team of an organization for they are the one who drives the entire organization towards the attainment of their mark off goals and objectives.Pioneer Sector/sActually both private and government arena already implements High Performance Work Team but it is the private sector that pioneered High Performance Work Place General Electric, kraft Foods and Exelo n. In the U.S. alone, High Performance Work Team gain acceptance in the corporate world during the eighties when Boeing, Digital Equipment Corporation presently known as HP among others, adopted the said managerial strategy.With the said implementation of High Performance Work Team to the said identify organization, there exist major changes happened especially in organizational culture and merging of the goals of the organization with the social needs of the individuals. In just a few years after High Performance Work Team was presented to the corporate world, it already reached quantum leap in business result in the entire key success dimension together with the customer, employee, shareholder and practicable value added dimensions.On the other hand, there is no exact date when effective leadership was really started entranceway into the idealism of the corporate world. But one thing is for sure, it is not only in the private sector where effective leadership is being implemented , even in the government sector it is also being widely used.Successful Company through HPWTOne of the possible organizations that successfully mastered High Performance Work Team will be the Kraft Foods. At present, Kraft Foods leads the industry of branded foods and beverages locally and multinationally. With its strategy of exploring the international commercialise during the years wherein the domestic market was already becoming saturated, Kraft Foods was able to boost its profitability and market influence.Moreover, in order to successfully penetrate their target market, Kraft Foods entered merging, buy other food companies in the industry, and make partnership with other food companies from other countries. This market entrance strategy works well so far for the company based on their market position and influence.Because of the diversity caused by the identified market entry strategy of Kraft Foods can hinder the attainment of optimal efficiency and forcefulness of the en tire personnel of the company, the Kraft Foods executives resulted to implementing High Performance Work Team which was comprised by representatives from different departments of a given branch of Kraft Foods to resolve diversity conflict and simplify the organizational structure in such a way wherein all of the employees of the company can work in harmony with one another.Diversity link issues and complexity of the organizational structure of Kraft Foods caused inefficiency in executing various operational procedures and strategies of the company as well as the depreciation of the performance of every employee due to their diversity (findarticles.com, 2005) and (Hopkins, 2005). The reason why the members of the High Performance Work Team of Kraft Foods came from the different departments of the company was to be able to have equal representation of voices of various groups of individual working in the company so that at the end of the day, whatever the solution will the High Perfo rmance Work Team arrive every welfare and interest was put into consideration.True enough, by the start of 2005, the efficiency and effectiveness of Kraft Foods improved which can be seen on the profitability level of the company and the fact rate of its expansion in the market which make the company among the top multinational companies around the globe. With the simplification of the organizational structure and solving the diversity related problems of the company through the use of High Performance Work Team, business transaction has been executed instantaneous and the harmonious working relationship among the members of the company provide enough motivation for every employee to perform their task to their full potential.On the other hand, the CEO of Kraft Foods, Irene Rosenfeld, was able to provide the company sustainable growth by the time the domestic market started to become saturated to their product line and visualizes the entry of the company to the international market . In this regard, the effective leadership comes into the picture of Kraft Foods success for the past years.Not only this, Rosenfeld was able to make out the diversity related issue problem and immediately find a solution to the said organizational conflict which is one of the tasks of a leader for an effective leadership of its members. With the existence of Rosenfeld to Kraft Foods, there is no doubt that the company successfully implemented not only High Performance Work Team but also the Effective Leadership.ReferencesBolen, M. (2001). Effective Leadership. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http//www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex1334Clark, D. (2007). Concepts of Leadership. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http//www.nwlink.com/donclark/leader/leadcon.htmlfindarticles.com (2005). Kraft Foods Announces Additional Simplification Initiatives. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http//findarticles.com/?noadc=1

`In Another Country` By E. Hemingway Essay

Hemingway creates a powerful and true-to- lifetime myth about real make of many soldiers who came home but cogitate all casualties and hardship they were faced with during the WWI. On the other hand, their stories full of bravery, honor and courage. They need to adapt to freshly military personnel, but the only way for them is to change their habits and person-to-person values. Settings and objects reflect inner psychological state of the characters and stand by readers to grasp the idea at once, follow plot development and conflict resolution.Thesis In the niggling story, settings and objects help the author to reflect inner psychological hump of soldiers and ablaze burden of the war. The hospital serves as a symbol that represents pain and sufferings, death and hopes. This setting gives insight analysis of deep personal feelings of soldiers and their experience during this war time. Within the story Hemingway skillfully portrays casualties of the ar underlining the evolu tion of characters, their stirred up state, caused by sufferings and enormous psychological burden carried by soldiers after the war.We were all at the hospital every afternoon, and there were different ship canal of walking crosswise the town by means of the dusk to the hospital (Hemingway). According to Neiberg (2004), the war experience was the knock for the main characters who return home. Hemingway depicts that this is the most difficult time for all soldiers to come to grips with changes occurred in their native countries and communities. He symbolically describes this experience as a bridge between war and old life. You crossed a bridge across a canal to enter the hospital. There was a choice of trey connect (Hemingway, n.d. ).This setting underlines that every solder can choose his life room, but all of them argon fall in by war memories and feelings. Deep human emotions embroil reality and complex quantity world of the hero, but Hemingway leaves it to readers to li mit what is the most important for the soldiers and what is real for them. The author gives only some hints to the reader to comprehend the meaning of the bridge. It implies non only wisdom, but also the whole life of a person, who has a right to choose which caterpillar track to go, it represents isolation and rejection of reality.Hemingway describes only one of them underlining that the main characters were suppressed by circumstances and could choose their life path On one of them a woman sold roasted chestnuts (Hemingway, n. d. ). In In Another landed estate, the town reflects inner psychological experience of the friends. The main setting, the Cova, appears in the story several times. The narrator pays a special attention to it which reflects his psychological experience and perception of events around him.The narrator uses the following descriptions of it Although, as we walked to the Cova through the though part of town, walking in the dark, with light and singing coming ou t of the wine-shops (Hemingway, n. d. ). It is possible to sound out that the character development is slow, because the main heroes do not want to make any changes in their life resisting strongly modern world they enter (Nagel, 1996). Physical settings of the story depict new world and changes. To some extent, they reflect the personality of the men and their reaction towards new world.The setting of the Cova symbolizes unity and friendship, mutual disposition and support. Psychological pressure is caused by war, but Hemingway portrays it symbolically through material and emotional experience, evolution of emotional perception of the world and values. The girls at the Cova were very patriotic, and I found that the most patriotic people in Italy were the cafe girls and I believe they are still patriotic (Hemingway, n. d. ). genial context of the short story helps to understand resistance of the main characters to accept novelty.After the war, they come to another alien world th ey notice nothing about. Hemingway does not speak directly but the main problem mentioned by Neiberg (2004) is that nobody wants to mind to old soldiers and their war stories being sick and tired of casualties of war. In the story Hemingway uses a lot of symbolic details that helps to unveil the message of the story and create a unique atmosphere of events take stick after the war time. Machine represents the hope to recover. Although, many soldiers do not believe in this interference method like the major who came very regularly to the hospital.I do not think he ever missed a day, although I am sure he did not believe in the implements (Hemingway, n. d. ). Machine represents escape from reality and society in general. On the other hand, Machine shows that past experience is more essential for the main characters than their present and future. The character of the major teaches viewers to distinguish between friendly prestige and moral worth. The majors attitude towards war is not accompanied by a moral decline but shows that there is no inconsistency for society between true stories and imaginary tales.The main heroes try to escape from this new world and new setting in the hospital as the only possible way to overcome enormous emotional and psychological pressure. From the psychological point of view, the image of hero represented by the four men is caused by the feeling of personal freedom and courage. Social values help to form their individual identities and let them stand out from the crowd. In this case, the soldiers embody personal democracy which is closely connected with love and adventures. Hemingway took part in the WWI and knew from his own experience what courage meant (Meyers 1997).The medals are another important objects which reflects proud and courage. We all had the same medals, except the boy with the black silk bandage across his face, and he had not been at the front long enough to get any medals (Hemingway, n. d. ). Societys resp onse to heroism defines it as a set of behavior patters and beliefs that valued by the society. To some extent, the soldiers inherit the ideals of the dream, such as personal freedom and social rightness. In some cases, world order and justice can be achieved only in blood battles with enemies, so the heroes had to use to use their physical faculty against evil.They were persons who took risks I would imagine myself having done all the things they had done to get their medals (Hemingway, n. d. ). Using the setting of the hospital, the symbol of the machine and medals, Hemingway depicts that the men live in the past where everything is familiar to them battles, human relations, settings. Within the story Hemingway shows that the core difference between a soldiers and a civilian is in their inner perception of the world. A civilian does not constantly understand all the duties he might to discharge and obligations he might to carry out.As a soldier, a man does not rely upon the othe rs he is the only one who makes decisions and answer for the consequences (Bourne, 2001). The three with the medals were like hunting-hawks and I was not a hawk, although I might seem a hawk to those who had neer hunted (Hemingway, n. d. ). To some extent, the evolution of characters depicts the state of maturity which cannot be measured by knowledge direct or life struggles. It is an attitude of a soldier towards life, his ability to rule it and the ability to accept the reality. by dint of the settings and objects unveils Hemingway the issue of moral health of the soldiers and evolution of personality. He depicts that in spite of all the negative life lessons soldiers understand what it is to be an individual. Hemingway shows that the inner state of the soldiers has changed. On the other hand, war causes people to become insensitive. The settings of the hospital and the town are powerful reflecting inner state of the men and giving some hints to readers to imagine their feelings and emotional state.Through the detailed settings the story suggests something of the historical loss for the men of transferring the sense of self to relationships with civil society. kit and caboodle Cited Page 1. Bourne, J. M. Whos Who in world War One.Routledge, 2001 2. Hemingway, E. In Another Country. n. d. 3. Meyers, J. Ernest Hemingway The Critical Heritage. Routledge, 1997. 4. Nagel, J. Ernest Hemingway The Oak commonality Legacy. University of Alabama Press, 1996. 5. Neiberg, M. S. Warfare & Society in Europe 1898 to the Present. Routledge, 2004.

Compare different possible readings Essay

Compare different possible readings of the sources of Gertrude and Ophelia. What impact would different interpretations sustain on the fulfill as a whole? You might like in particular to think what difference would be made to a production of the play if the female characters were presented as strong in themselves, or as weak and in the control of others. What would be your preferred reading? Why?It is unarguable that the two females with most influence throughout Hamlet are Ophelia and Gertrude, they are, after all, the only females Their position as the only two women in the play immediately marks them out as non-typical characters Hamlet is a play centred around a struggle for the throne of Denmark, and the occurrence that the effectiveness and influence of these characters is a be of some debate adds to the complexities that make Hamlet the play that it is. Two fairly study characters within the play posses a seemingly small influence upon the eventual outcome.The characte rs have, at first glance, little effect upon the major events of the play, and it is only through their interaction with the male cast that they have any real influence. This is what makes the question of the strength of their character such a pivotal one it is truly easy to portray them as weak, and chthonian the influence of their male peers, but if they are perceived as strong characters, it may become unvarnished that, through manipulation of the men around them, they have far more influence on transactions than was first assumed.Often, particular in mid 20th century interpretations of the play, Ophelia is portrayed as a very weak character, fulfilling the basic spot of women of her time following the will of her father, and waiting on the words of her sometime(prenominal) lover, Hamlet. The relationship with between them is one of the defining points of the debate over Ophelia organism weak (or not).This is specially the case when considering the issue of her refusal of critical points advances. When portrayed as weak, Ophelia is often visibly scared of small town when he is in the depths of his apparent madness. Her confusion at Hamlets reaction to her returning his remembrances is an adequate demonstration of Ophelia fulfilling her role as an ear for the male characters to speak to. In this role she is little more than a speckle device, with her death being the catalyst for the eventual conclusion of the play.If, however, Ophelias role is interpreted as that of a strong, and intelligent woman, the situation is suddenly rendered almost entirely different whereas before, it would be assumed Ophelia was acting against her will, out-of-pocket to her father, either ending the relationship unwillingly, or ending a non-existent relationship (pretending that she was involved with Hamlet, when in fact she was not) in order to further her fathers pursuit of Claudius favour, she is now acting for herself, and ending her liaisons with hamlet for a person al motive. She is no longer confused and afraid of Hamlets reaction save playing out the role she feels she must.A differ Ophelia may still be seen as being influenced by those around her, this time she is following advice though, Laertes having already warned her of the fickle nature of Hamlet. In this case, she is merely winning matters into her own hands, and acting out of her own self interest, thereby asserting herself as a character who interacts with those around her, compared to merely taking orders and passing messages.

Fundamental Rights

The central Rights argon outlined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part one-third of the Constitution, apply irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed or sex. They ar enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. The directional Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the anatomy of laws by the governance. These provisions, great deal out in Part IV of the Constitution, are not enforceable by the courts, but the principles on which they are based are original guidelines for governance that the State is expected to apply in framing and passing laws.THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Fundamental Rights and Directive Principle are constitutional components of the same organic constitutional system and no conflict between them could have been intended by founding fathers. but the vox populi of overbearing Court on the relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directi ve Principles have not been uniform throughout.There are three possible views on the relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. The first view is that former are the superior to the latter and so the latter must(prenominal) give way to the former in movement of repugnancy or irreconcilable conflict between the two. The succor view is that Fundamental Rights and directive principle are equal in importance and hence , in case of conflict between the two an attempt must be made to harmonise them with all(prenominal) new(prenominal).The view is that Directive Principles are superior to Fundamental Rights mainly because the constitution provide that the former are unsounded in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the state to apply these principle in making laws and the binding nature of law does not cease to be so merely because it groundwork not be enforced. These different view regarding the relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles have been pronounce by the judicial system at different times .In the following chapters an attempts has been made to examine the role of judiciary in relation to the Directive Principles with the Fundamental Rights. History The relationship between the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles is opera hat illustrated in the clause 37. It provides that Directives are not enforceable in a court of law. But, they are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the state to apply them in making laws.In view of such provision, there have arisen certain conflicts between the Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights. But, as of now article 39(b) and 39(c) can take precedence over Fundamental Right enshrined under expression 14 and Article 19. A survey of historical development in relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles are as follows. i. During the initial period from 1950 to 1966 there was emphasis on sacrosanct character of Fundamental rights.The compulsory Court held the view that if two interpretations of a law are possible, the one avoiding conflict should be accepted. But in case of a single interpretation, leading to conflict fundamental right would prevail other directive principles. In this view, constitutionality of 1st Amendment Act was hailed as valid. ii. In the historic Golan Maths case, 1967, the Supreme Court emphasized on unamedability of the fundamental rights which have been given a transcendental position. iii. The Government passed twenty-fourth and 25th Amendment Act 1971.The 24th Constitution Amendment Act made it clear that the Parliament has power to advance any provision of the Constitution, including the fundamental Rights. The 25th Constitution Amendment Act introduced Article 31(c) which provides that in case of implementing Article 39(b) and (c) if there is axorrflict with fundamental right, the , law shall not be declared null and void. iv. In Kes havananda Bharati case overruled the Golaknaths case but made it clear that courts retained the power to judicial review in case of law giving effect to directives under Article 39(b) and (c).One of the crucial implications of this judgment was basic structure which cannot be altered. v. During the period of Emergency Parliament passed the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 which provided for implementation of directives other than only under Article 39(b) and (c). vi. In Minerva Mills case, 1980 the Supreme Court declared that a balance between Part III and Part IV was a basic feature of the constitution. This abrogated the view of giving precedence to the directives over fundamental rights.Significance of Directive Principles of State Policy Firstly, they are intended to usher an egalitarian order, once the limitations or resources is flood out and state is competent enough to fulfill them. For, most of the directives are resource consuming. Secondly, they have exercised an important hind er on the government. Rightly remarked by Ambedkar that the directives can be the best election manifesto Thirdly, they guide both, the government and the people in the realm of politics and society. They have significant educative value.Fourthly, they emphasize the goal of social welfare state and social justice that are warranted in Indian polity and keep check on elitist or populist measures. Despite accusations of being nothing more than moral precepts or dead wood in living tree and alike, it cannot be denied that the directives have helped (directly or indirectly) in shaping the face of our polity. It has been seen with optimism by leadership as well as people to be of paramount importance. For, both have unavoidable interest in building a more egalitarian society than they have Directives help in achieving this objective.

External factors upon the activities of a business Essay

IntroductionIn this assignment, I will describe how outdoor(a) factors (political, legal, and social) ar stuporing upon the activities of a argument. My chosen railway line is McDonalds and I will be explaining how the issues affect in both UK and India.McDonalds is the worlds largest chain of fast food restaurants. They mainly serve hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, French fries, eat items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. They also have options such as salads, apples, milk, and Snack Wraps on the menu.Legal FactorsThese argon the laws and regulations affect the business. Some of the other factors may include freedom of information, data protection, employment law and copyright etc.UK and Indias Legal FactorsHealth and safety In the UK and India, the health and safety law is very historic for each individual or employees especially in the workplace, to prevent injury, death and illness. This affects some businesses especially in India because they need to have all equipment for health and safety which will terms them a lot to adopt it up.Food Hygiene In both countries, McDonalds has to be very hygienic in order for the business to stay open and successful. The impact of an unhygienic restaurant would be catastrophic for the companys image.enlisting and Selection Law All workers must be treated equally. For example In UK, you cannot dismiss a worker for being pregnant. There should be proper warning before dismissing a worker other it will be treated as unfair dismissal. The Government makes it mandatory to have a write contract of employment. It contains the details of the wage rate workinghours, and other necessary details regarding working conditions. The issue Minimum Wage in UK is currently 6.31 while in India the minimum wage is 118 rupees per day or about 1.50 which is very low compare to UK. In contrast to the UK, India can employ individuals aged few than 16 and the child labour in India has a poor image as children a re frequently left unpaid.Social FactorsThese are the aspects of world like for example immigration, age of population, taste and fashion, belief, individuals personality, attitudes and lifestyle.UK Social FactorsImmigration This has negative impact upon the social factors in UK. A long time ago, on that point wasnt that many mass living in the UK, however, in the 21st century, a lot of people from different part of the world started to migrate and live in UK. The major impact is on population. It has an return such as a lot of people are skilled to be employed in the business. However, some migrants might be illegal entrants or maybe visa over stayers.Ageing universe of discourse The demographics in UK illustrate that the numbers of older people are increasing. McDonalds can benefit from this ageing population as they can increase the range of their hot drink products in order to target and follow the needs of older people. McDonalds can sell more healthy products such as fruits and salads.Lifestyle Businesses are always affected by the lifestyle as people have different fashions, tastes, ethics, beliefs etc. As UK is a multi-cultural country, McDonalds needs to provide different selections of foods from different cultures such as in India McDonalds do not sell any beef products as it is prohibited in their religion.India Social FactorsHigh population harvest-home In India, due to high population, people have a hardtime to find a job, as a military issue of this people dont have enough funding for their insouciant expenses.High degree of corruption level Corruption is a major issue that adversely affects its parsimoniousness in India. The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, complicated taxes and licensing systems so they add extra cost to the business.Bollywood popularity Bollywood is the nickname for the Indian film industry. It became very popular as Indians are in love with movies. governmental FactorsPolitical fa ctors are factors that deal with the public. For example EU membership, taxation government support for business, infrastructure (roads), skills, business ethics (corruption).UK Political FactorsEU membership McDonalds will need to act in accordance to the European regulations. One of the regulations is the working hours where workers must only work for no more than 48 hours.Taxation McDonalds is affected by the government taxes, such as income taxes and business rates as it is a large business, importation that a lot of tax is taken away from their profits. And McDonalds will have to pay tax. Tax has an impact on McDonalds as it will be taken off their annual profit which will result in less diligence for shareholders.India Political FactorsInfrastructure India isnt modernized unlike UK the technology systems are much less advanced which could affect the business ability to produce, to sell, expand, and demand. The roads are not easily established. And if McDonalds in India ha ve poor machinery, poor buildings and facilities, thenit wint benefit the business and wont be able to expand.

Human Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human Sexuality - Essay ExampleThis to a fault becomes highly pertinent for the simple fact that non-monogamy, especially in the forms of divorce and different forms of separation, adultery and married infidelity, has already been a part and parcel of the daily sociable existence (Emmens 2003). Hence this leads us to the insidious differentiations between various conceptual categories that are critical in the constitution of our versed hopes and preferences. The constructionist approach towards gentleman sexuality and sexual preferences have already shattered the essentialists and conservatives arguments on the ground that sexual subjectivity, including identity and sexual orientations and desires, are inherently offshoots of the larger social and cultural environment (Ritchie and Barker 2006, 585). It is in this context that a postmodern challenge against the hegemony of heterosexual monogamy has emerged from an albeit new form of partner arrangements that vary as to the retur n of people involved, the sexes of those involved, the sexualities of those involved, the level of commitment of those involved, and the kinds of relationships pursued known as polyamory (Strassberg 2003, 440). A form of non-monogamy polyamory stresses upon peoples capacity to share and multiply their love in honest and consensual ways (Anderlini-DOnofrio, 2004 as quoted in Ritchie and Barker 2006) as opposed to the rigid ethical, moral restraints associated with monogamy. The emergence of polyamory as a conceptual kinsfolk seeking to subvert the prevalent beliefs regarding sexual desire and practice has significantly contributed to the ongoing debate around, especially, polygamy and another(prenominal) non-monogamous unions. ... The emergence of polyamory as a conceptual category seeking to subvert the prevalent beliefs regarding sexual desire and practice has significantly contributed to the ongoing debate around, especially, polygamy and other non-monogamous unions. In fact def ining the various forms of non-monogamous and other forms of sexual practices, as neatly articulated in the Lawrence case at the Supreme Court (See Emens 2003 and Ashbee 2007 for a detailed analysis of this case), like bigamy, polygamy, incest, obscenity, masturbation and so on as logical extensions of enterprises to legalize same-sex trade union invites us to revisit those categories, including monogamy and the postmodern polyamory. Despite the different factors that co-exist with monogamy and that have already invalidate the very base of monogamy, the institution of monogamy still looms large in this nations social landscape (Emens 2003, 8). In the western culture it still continues to be a fact that that life-long or sequent monogamy with one (everlasting) partner is the dominant model of relationships available. It exerts its hegemony through various apparatuses that are basically interested with mainstream, statist ideologies. Depictions and valorizations of monogamous coupl es, fidelities and other romantic associations still fill the media discussions and other forms of cultural representations. This compulsory notion of monogamy not only renders all other forms of non-monogamy invalid and invisible but also labels alternative desires and relationships as completely unethical, amoral and pathological (Ritchie and Barker 2006). The representations of monogamy have indeed served to further normativise its existence and other forms of married unions essentially fall outside of this

The Columbine Incident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Columbine Incident - Essay ExampleTwelve youngsters who had all their life before them were promiscuously and mercilessly murdered, and dozens of others were seriously injured. On recovering from the initial shock of hearing or drill about this incident, if one starts thinking about it, it seems very likely that the two sick villains perpetrating this crime were in all likelihood taking revenge of some sorts. For the simple reason that if not one but two persons randomly opened fire within the premises of a fully populated high school, with hundreds of students moving around, thither would have definitely been more casualties. One must remember that the perpetrators knew their way with guns, and had indeed used knock-down(a) weapons, walking down the length and breadth of the school building hunting people down, while everyone was insanely trying to escape or hide. Another important fact of this incident is that the killers killed themselves in the end. Such leading(predica te) facie impressions engendered by this tragic incident may have prompted the various theories that circulated in the media as to the murderers possible motives, in the immediate aftermath of the event. The fact that they killed themselves suggested a strong possibility that these guys could somehow have been underlings victimized by the school bullies, and this is their way of evening the scores.

AIG Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AIG - Case Study ExampleThe risk management division at AIG knew very wholesome of the risks they were taking but still they carried on with this unstable, fraudulent yet lucrative opportunity. In the terminus, the company almost got to the brink of bankruptcy.Greed and negligence led AIG to be a part of the derived commercial enterprise. The derivatives are risky investments and many wise investors avoid these instruments because of their highly unpredictable nature as well as the loopholes for exploiting them through scams and frauds. This payment comes in the form of collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). Before the crisis began these instruments were in immense demand because they were oblation higher returns than other obliges that had the same credit ratings. Therefore, speculators as well as investors heavily purchase these instruments from insurers such as AIG. Before the crisis the US financial market was going through bullish trends and it appeared improbable for b ond issuers to go through bankruptcy (Xinzi, 2013). Hence, CDS seemed the most lucrative selling financial tools for collecting premiums. By the end of 2007 the CDS contract grew to about $60 trillion and there was no doubt that when the times were good CDS were generating huge revenues for AIG (Xinzi, 2013). In addition, many banks and underwriters of CDS covered their short positions in one instrument while staying long in other CDS (Xinzi, 2013). AIG did not play on both sides of the trade (Xinzi, 2013).The unethical side of AIGs derivative business was not to fully cover the insurance it was providing. When the risk management is underwriting the risks they should keep track of the companys resources in courtship they have to pay the claim. The company was not oblivion about the risky nature of the securities it was insuring. The management exactly considered the quarterly premium that kept coming in. In other words AIG failed

Plant Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plant Biology - Essay casefulAccording to Jimmy Botella, a professor of Plant Biotechnology in University of Queensland, untraditional or genetically modified foods do not automatically mean they argon threats to humans. This type of modification already existed decades ago. However, agree to Botella, there atomic number 18 more threats to humans caused by nature or natural products such as tsunami, malaria and paralysis than GMOs. Cassava, a natural crop, causes limb paralysis if not properly processed. Genetically modified foods be seen to be threat by people who refuse to accept changes, afraid to grasp the progress in technology or simply because they are new. Most of these people claim that these are unacceptable because they are not naturally produced and some claims these foods are not made by God. They cannot scientifically prove that GMOs are not safe or that these pose threats to consumers.Therefore, in answer to the question whether the United States Government should concord a certification weapons platform for foods containing genetically modified ingredients, I totally believe that certification program will help the citizens be informed that GMOs are safe to eat and can supply the nothing needed by our bodies. This certification program can eliminate the negative thinking or look of the people regarding this kind of food if scientifically proved that GMOs are safe to eat and will cover the certification programs and

Branding and Promotion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Branding and Promotion - Assignment ExampleIt is the value a customer places on the smear which results in a long verge association of the beau monde and the customer. It generates some(prenominal) tangible and intangible benefits for the company that a speck adds to a product/service.A positive brand equity in traditional workstation markets such as research, engineering, and tangle withtainment. The brand has been associated in this field with favorable qualities homogeneous innovation, vision, fun, and customer orientation.An image of being a company dealing with high end users. This image got notwithstanding boost with the taking over of Cray Research Inc. another super computer company. Its target markets comprised of scientists, engineers, animators and graphics professionals.It is rather apparent that Silicon artistic production Inc. has not given due consideration so far to pile up access to the mindset of existing and prospective customers a prerequisite for estab lishing the brand name. Advertising plays a censorious role in building brand equity. It helps customers to differentiate a brand from competitors a brand from competitors on dimensions which are important to consumers. This Brand equity helps in stimulating growth in many proportion products. SGI has long been associated with high end Hollywood like products. Thats indeed a big asset for SGI. But for long term sustenance the company will have to diversify to fulfill the requirements of other customers as well. SGI did try to enter this space as well, but without making any conscious efforts towards establishing a common man user friendly image. reproducible and suitable media campaigns and visibility is required towards sustaining any brand equity.Ans 2 SGI realized the painful look in the year 1996-97 that everything is not fine with its business operations and brand imaging, when it started incurring losses. So the company started t take note and then accordingly set in a mot ion a number of short-term and long-term measures. The acquition of Cray also proved to be non-productive and company realized that the liabilities are on the rise after its acquisition. This led to parting of ways by SGI from most of the Cray business and the Cray brand to by handing over this business to Tera Computer Company on March 31, 2000. One of SGIs most glaring brand deficiencies was the under-leveraged master brand. For example the name Coca-Cola, is associated with cold-drinks, though there are over 400 products that the company produces in over 200 countries, yet the consumers measure up every product with Coca-Cola, the quality cold drink at the guts of their minds. Reason for the deficiency in SGI branding is the trend of ignoring the importance of brand equity, or perhaps this could be because of sheer overconfidence on the part of management. Otherwise how can we explain the absence of the Silicon Graphics typeface and its