Income Inequality Between Men and Women - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1864 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Finance Essay Level High school Topics: Income Inequality Essay Did you like this example? On April 10, 2018, women celebrated Equal Pay Day, which is really nothing to celebrate. Equal Pay Day is the annual day that marks when finally the average womans income has caught up to a mans income. Sadly, it took an additional three months and ten days for women to finally earn what men earned in 2017. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Income Inequality Between Men and Women" essay for you Create order Women have been set aside from men since day one, and are still trying to catch up. It is usually assumed that women are the ones to do more of the household work and child care, which is one reason why women earn less money in the first place. Back in the 1920s when women were just beginning to enter the workforce, they were automatically paid less than men. In the 1930s women were required to be paid 25% less than men. Women were paid less than men because of what they were known for previously, which is to take care of the house and the children. Women continue to be paid less than men in their chosen profession, simply because of their gender, where they live, or because of events such as maternity leave. This leads to detrimental effects on the livelihood of women and shows the need to eliminate the gender wage gap. In almost every occupation, men get paid more than women, which lead many people to believe that the reason men make more than women is only because of their gender. But in nearly all jobs, average earnings for women are lower than that of men (Hegewisch). It does not seem to matter if the occupation is mostly consisted of men, women, or even an equal amount of both men and women; men still make more money. Even in the most common female occupations such as nurses, elementary school teachers, and administrative assistants, mens median earnings are more than $500 per week than womens (Hegewisch). That $500 difference has a huge impact on women, resulting in them losing thousands of dollars every year. These thousands of dollars could be used in other areas of womens lives, but instead, it is just cut off. Across almost all professions, women earn only 78 cents per dollar as compared to men. This translates into a loss of $10,000 per year, which could pay for 14 more months of child care, 74 more weeks of groceries, and an additional 10 months of rent for the average woman (Jones). Stereotypes for specific jobs clearly play a role. A contributing factor to income inequality is the choice that women make regarding the profession they take interest in. By way of example, it is more likely for men to seek out top jobs in business and or government, resulting in men earning more money. Among physicians, for example, women are more likely than men to choose lower-paid specialties (though this does not explain all of the pay gap among doctors) (MAP). Women, starting as early as high school, need to be encouraged to pursue degrees and professions that are stereotypically male professions. Doing this will help close the gender wage gap and eliminate the stereotypical aspect of different professions, because if women start to join more male dominated professions, more and more women will be encouraged to join them, resulting in employers requiring to equal the incomes between men and women. Another obvious example of the gender pay gap is one of the most popular entertainment sources in the world sports. Men significantly get more money and attention than women. In sports, more likely than not, people like to watch men play more than women. This leads to men getting paid much more money. One of the biggest improvements in the sports world was the passing of Title IX. Title IX is a federal law that states: No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance'(NCAA). Title IX led to colleges being required to give out scholarships to women athletes, further expanding womens professional sports after college. Before Title IX was passed in 1972, there were no athletic scholarships available to women, and no championship games were held for womens sports. Title IX was intended to enforce equal ac cess to womens athletics. But even with these advancements, there is still a huge difference between men and women athletes salaries. The only way to narrow this gap is for sponsors (such as Nike, Gatorade, etc.) and media networks to promote womens sports the same as men, and for the owners of sports teams to pay female athletes more. This will encourage the decrease of the gender wage gap because if the womens professional sports gets more attention, more people will want to watch it and find it more interesting, resulting in the athletes being paid a significantly larger amount than before. Maternity leave is known to be one of the largest causes of the gender pay gap because women lose a significant amount of money from going on maternity leave and often never catch up. When men and women complete school and start working, they are paid almost the same amount of money. But that is before the gender pay gap appears, which significantly increases over their working years. Maternity leave usually occurs when women are in their late 20s and mid-30s. The main issue is that so many women have children, so it has a large effect on many jobs and incomes as, unlike women who are married and have children, unmarried women without children continue on the path to earn almost as much as men, but still lag behind. A stereotype exists that when women return to work after maternity leave, they will put forth less of an effort and will be less focused on advancing their position in the workplace. The research shows that this stereotype leads the employers to think that they need to pa y them less because they think the women will act exactly like their stereotypes; less dedicated, less competent, and less efficient (Hardwick). Many companies in the United States have paid maternity leaves, but not all. However, when women take maternity leave (if their employer does not offer paid leave), they are not only missing out on their income, but they also can miss out on big opportunities, like a promotion. This puts women at a severe disadvantage because they could have had the opportunity to earn more money through a promotion, but they were not able to because of their absence at work. Maternity leave may not seem like it puts women at a major disadvantage, but it does because it lasts much longer than the typical 12 weeks that companies offer. A further detrimental effect of the gender wage gap is the impact it has on the womans family. When a woman has to leave her job for a reason such as maternity leave, she may not get paid. This could mean that the family does not receive any source of income, and when the woman returns to work, she is behind on being eligible for a raise, bonus or promotion. In some states, the gender pay gap is larger than others. The best place for women to work, where the gender pay gap is the lowest, is in Washington D.C. Female workers earn 89.5 cents per every dollar male workers earn. The state that has the biggest gender pay gap is Louisiana, where women earn only 65.5 cents per every dollar a man makes. Other favorable states are New York (86.6 cents) and Florida (84.9 cents) (MAP). Studies do not provide any clear explanations for why different states have different gender pay gaps; however, one explanation could be that major metropolitan cities such as Los Angeles, New York City, and Miami force employers to pay women closer incomes to men to attract and retain good, diverse talent. The varying salaries between states are troubling to those women who work in the states that have a large gender pay gap because they may not earn enough money to have the option of moving to another state. Gender discrimination also plays a large role in many different areas in the workplace, including income. When women are discriminated against by being paid less, this will negatively impact their motivation, productivity and work ethic. Some other significant results of discrimination in the workplace are being denied a promotion, or even a job itself. These types of discrimination against women constantly deepen the divide between men and women, and women have been trying so hard to eliminate that line for a very long time. About eight in ten women (78%) who say they have encountered gender bias at work say a major reason for the difference in pay is that employers treat women differently than men (Chapter 4). For example, people believe that women are paid less than men is because of the myth that women do not negotiate well. The stereotype for women is to just be polite and agree on everything. This stereotype affects how women negotiate and managers hire (Hardwick), which should never be the case. This puts women at a disadvantage because they are afraid to ask for a larger income. Women feel as if they were to try and argue for a larger income, they would be turned down, which is why most women just accept the offer the employers give, resulting in them receiving a lower income than men. In a very telling experiment, a woman was asked to negotiate a salary for herself, and a friend. When she was negotiating for her friend, she asked for the same pay as men. But when she negotiated for herself, she asked for a significant amount less. (Hardwick) This demonstrates that women need to advocate for themselves as strongly as they do for others. Like the passage of Title IX, another attempt is being made to eliminate the gender pay gap. Although it has not been passed into law, the proposed Paycheck Fairness Act would require employers to offer equal pay for equal work. The bill would further punish employers if they are unable to justify why they pay women less than men. Also, the law would offer programs to train women to improve their negotiation skills. Each of these are important components of the Paycheck Fairness Act, but until it is passed, income inequality between men and women will continue on into the foreseeable future. To have a chance at closing the gender pay gap, significant changes must be made by society as a whole. As to maternity leave, sadly, only women can bear children, so it immediately makes it unfair that women have no choice but to lose income and miss out on potential promotions at work. Employers need to make efforts into not holding maternity leave against women in pay and advancement. And laws such as Title IX and the Paycheck Fairness Act (if enacted) force colleges and employers to treat and pay women equally. Additionally, colleges can encourage women to pursue higher paying professions. Hopefully over time, these efforts will be taken into action and women will finally earn as much as men.

The White House Anger And Injustice - 898 Words

Chanque Peart Intro to Literature Analysis Poetry Explication Haytock The White House: Anger and Injustice Claude McKay’s â€Å"The White House† is the author’s way of speaking out against the blatant disregard and denial of his rights as an African American during the period of the Harlem renaissance. McKay demonstrates the importance of not letting your decisions be led by irrational anger because of social injustice, only then will those who chose to deny you, be free from their own ignorance. He utilizes the basic form of a sonnet, fourteen lines with his use of impeccable rhyme scheme. Some poets are known to alter the rhyme scheme to help better relay their overall theme, but McKay decides against it. He presents his poem in a perfect rhyme pattern which also relates to his very straight forward use of a normal metrical pattern which happens to be iambic pentameter in this particular poem. His great use of the basics makes his underlying theme extremely clear, making this easily accessible to and wide variety of audiences. The first two lines â€Å"Your door is shut against my tightened face, and I am sharp as steel with discontent;† (line 1-2) depict McKay’s beginning frustration with the way it had become for African American people. â€Å"The door† that is being closed signifies the lack of opportunities that are given to him because of his race and who he represents in predominately white society. He uses simile â€Å"as sharp as steel with discontent† to emphasize how displeased heShow MoreRelatedRichard Nathaniel Wright s Life1520 Words   |  7 Pagesracial discrimination between whites and blacks, as well as segregation amongst him and his own race. Once he grew older he became a man of many talents such as writing poems, novels, and even short stories. Mostly everything he wrote about was based off things he experienced as a child and teen growing up in Mississippi. 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Mediterranean Diet Other Lifestyle Changes- Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Mediterranean Diet And Other Lifestyle Changes? Answer: Introducation The current study discusses the impact of Mediterranean diet and other lifestyle changes in reducing the risk of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). The Statin drugs have been used in order to control or reduce the levels of cholesterol in the blood of an individual. However as argued by Dalen Devries (2014), debatable results have been obtained regarding the true effects of statin in controlling cholesterol level in the Accounting. Recent studies have also shown that presence of other associated factors such as Atherosclerosis and diabetes is independent of the blood cholesterol level. However, as commented by Salvad Lapetra (2017), the breakings down of red meat in Trimethyl Oxide (TMAO) have been seen to promote the development of defective cardiovascular conditions in humans. However, research and evidences has shown that a practically vegan diet has been seen to promote a positive and healthy functioning of the heart. The mental health practices are based upon risk an assessment and management for the prevention and control of diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on the life of an individual. In this respect, the methods are simply based upon the analysis and management of the risks, however, they to fail to measure the positive and negative consequences of such diseases. The Australian mental health system on the other hand is focussed upon provision of a holistic care regimen to the patients seeking care. This is done by providing them mental and emotional counselling, which is based upon self determination and self management principles. As argued by Mamelle et al.(2010),there are still a number of loopholes in the Australian care system. This is because diseases with profound effect on the life of an individual such as Schizophrenia and bipolar need constant management and supervision. However, no particular measure has been adopted by far which will be aimed at the improvement of the same. The article points at the use of statin as prescription drugs for the prevention and control of coronary heart disease. The current studies have shown statin to reduce the risk of heart disease by 30%. On the contrary, the Mediterranean diets have been shown to reduce the risk of statin related heart disease by 70%. Therefore, there have been disputes regrading which conventional mode of medication to be followed. As argued by World Health Organisation (2017), the uses of statin as medicinal drugs have often been found to result in a number of side effects. Some of these include increased risk of diabetes and related cognitive impairment. In my opinion, the sale of statin drugs across the globe signifies that there are still loopholes as the introduction of other similar options. However, i think that adapting to a positive lifestyle change can also bring in a positive effect and can act as a control measure. The global uses of statin have pointed out at the affectivity of the drug in lowering the blood cholesterol level along with reducing the cellular concentration of statin in the blood. However, as commented by Hughes et al. (2015), adapting to holistic care regimen and principles such as resorting to a vegan diet can help achieve the same outcomes without causing any adverse side effects. Therefore, in my opinion use of such an alternative option not only helps in increasing the longevity of a persons life. It also helps in reducing the risk of side effects brought about by constant use of statin. As commented by Kidd et al.(2015), Mediterranean diet have been seen to change gene expression and decrease inflammation through the promotion of healthy microbiota. Therefore, there is a need to bring about recommended changes in the suggested medication. This helps in prevention of the cardiovascular diseases as well as promotion of a holistic health care. References Dalen, J. E., Devries, S. (2014). Diets to prevent coronary heart disease 1957-2013: what have we learned?.The American journal of medicine,127(5), 364-369. Gutirrez-Bedmar, M., Martnez-Gonzlez, M. ., Muoz-Bravo, C., Ruiz-Canela, M., Mariscal, A., Salas-Salvad, J., ... Lapetra, J. (2017). Chromium Exposure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in High Cardiovascular Risk Subjects?Nested Case-Control Study in the Prevention With Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) Study?.Circulation Journal,81(8), 1183-1190. Hughes, P., Ahmed, N., Winslow, M., Walters, S. J., Collins, K., Noble, B. (2015). Consumer views on a new holistic screening tool for supportive and palliative?care needs: Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral for Care (SPARC): a survey of self?help support groups in health care.Health Expectations,18(4), 562-577. J (2013) Recovery capital: What enables a sustainable recovery from mental health difficulties? European Journal of Social Work 16: 360374 J (2013) Recovery capital: What enables a sustainable recovery from mental health difficulties? European Journal of Social Work 16: 360374 Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2015). The meaning of recovery in a regional mental health service: an action research study.Journal of advanced nursing,71(1), 181-192. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-1389 [PMID: 7968073] 2 de Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Guidollet J, Touboul P, Delaye J. Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acidrich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1994; 343: 1454-1459 [PMID: 7911176] 3 de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Boucher P, Mamelle N. Mediterranean dietary pattern in a randomized trial: prolonged survival and possible reduced cancer rate. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 1181-1187 [PMID: 9625397] Valls-Pedret, C., Sala-Vila, A., Serra-Mir, M., Corella, D., de la Torre, R., Martnez-Gonzlez, M. ., ... Estruch, R. (2015). Mediterranean diet and age-related cognitive decline: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA internal medicine,175(7), 1094-1103. World Health Organisation 2017, Seventieth Health Assembly update, 30 May 2017,Viewed 23 July 2017, Retrieved fromwww.who.int.com

The Effect of Cartelization Has Also Been Stated In This Report

Question: What Effect Of Cartelization Stated In This Report? Answer: Introduction In this report, the amalgamation and the merger of the hotel as stated in the case study will be critically evaluated to understand the risk and benefits of amalgamation. It can be stated here that the decision to amalgamate is to combat market pressure and can be viewed as a decision to form a cartel. This will help the firms in charging prices above the market prevailing rates. This decision by the firms has been taken to combat the increased bargaining power that the users of the services (Walker, 2016). Moreover, in this report the effectiveness of the different customer loyalty scheme that the company has adopted in order to increase market share and revenue have been critically evaluated. In this regard, the effect of the different programs on the market and the customers has also been evaluated. Information system and information technology have been distinguished in the project and its effect on the hotel market and loyalty programs have been discussed in the report. Stay Together Case Analysis The decision by the hotel chains to merge their business to combat pressure from the low priced hotel accommodation can be stated as a policy to form a cartel or create a monopoly kind of situation in the market. This will enable the hoteliers to charge a higher degree of price, this would be possible because, cartelization will allow them with certain degree of monopoly power therefore pricing power (Motta, 2004). Effect on the service providers The effect of this decision by the hotel chains will increase the profit, as they will be able to charge higher price for the same unit. This will also be possible because the other hotels in the group will also charge a similar price and the people will be forced to subscribe the services at the hotel advertised rates. In this case it can also be stated that this will also increase the producer surplus for the entire group reducing the consumer surplus (Waterson, 2004). This will be possible because they will provide the service after the formation of the carte at a rate, which is higher than earlier. In this regard, it can be further stated that if a single hotel chain cheats or violates the price determined by the group. The entire system is expected to fail and will have the potential to ruin the market by driving the organizations into a price war. The price war will be because in order to gain additional market share the organizations in the industry will offer discounts and re duce prices to compete with others. It will happen at one stage that there will be no profits to be drawn from the market and the firms will be forced to withdraw themselves (Abreu, Pearce Stacchett, 1986). Effect on service subscribers The effect of cartel formation on the customers and subscribers of services are always negative and is not desired for. This is because cartel formation prevents them from having any kinds of consumer surplus. This is because the companies and the organization in the cartels are facilitated with pricing power and therefore charge the maximum that the subscribers or the customers are willing to pay and the customers and the service users end up paying the prices that they demand having no other choice. Therefore, from a customer perspective a cartel is never desirable. It also reduces the reduces the consumer surplus which is a disincentive for them (Chamberlin, 2015). Critical analysis of the policies adopted by Stay Together In this regard, it can be stated that the managements decision of implementing the Stay Together Loyalty, rewarding customers with airport transfers, car parking on site and free nights is aimed toward increasing the demand of the services provided by the company. The benefits that the amalgamation of the company is aimed, towards increasing the sales of the company. In this regard, it can be further stated that the benefits that the group is providing is providing them with incentives. This will help in increasing the demand for the services that the company is providing. In this regard, it can be further stated that this will help in retaining the customers and increase the market share (Patino, Pitta Quinones, 2012). The customers of the company are be incentivized in the following way, if they stay for longer period of time, the customers they are provided with reward point which they can use for future stays. In this regard, it can be stated that this will increase the sales of the services for the company, in expectation of earning rewards the customers will further subscribe to the services of the group. The onsite car parking facilities, facilitates the customers by reliving them of the parking charges which otherwise, would had to be paid in excess of the hotel rents. This helps the customers in paying less and increase the value of the service provided by the company among them. More over it can be also stated that the airport transfer facilities also lessens the hassle of the customer travelling to and from the airport. This acts as an incentive, that is provided to the customers and increases the sales of the service. It can be further stated that this decision of the management is based on the principles of increasing the customer satisfaction in order to increase the sales of the services. Here it can be stated that customer satisfaction is either in increased by the quality of the service, or by providing amenities to them. In this regard it has been evident from the decision of the management that it is not only focusing solely on the qualitative factor of service but also b y increasing the amenities in order to promote demand or attract them (Colquitt, Lepine, Wesson, 2011). The management in this regard has decided that, If a kitchen and standard restaurant is on site, buffet breakfast and dinner is included in the hotel room price. This is to add to the dollar value earned per guest. Exclusive restaurants on site will charge extra. Here it can be stated that this will increases the quality of service. The intention of the management is clearly to increase the value of the service. Here it can be further stated this will provide the customers with food facilities. This will help in increasing the market share, as they will have to pay less on their travel expenses if the cost of food is included in the room rent. In addition it can be further stated that the company can advertise this in their tariff so that the customers can have an idea on what the amenities are. This will provide for a unique selling proposition for the company to its service users. The decision of facilitating a onsite exclusive restaurant will provide additional business and revenu e earning opportunity for the organization. It can be expected that there would be some boarders, who will be opting for this despite of the complementary services being provided to them. This is because they will be tempted towards the exclusive range of food that is being offered to them and these people do not mind paying extra for additional services (Xu, li, 2012). In this regard it can be further stated that this will ensure the amalgamation in earning additional revenue. This will also help in fulfilling their business objective and profit maximization. Here in this regard it can be further stated that the amalgamation can make ventures and contracts with the other airline companies. Where both will be benefited, they can make a pact that if a customer travels by a certain airline he or she will be applicable for certain rebate in the hotels. In this regard, it can stated that this will help in increasing the sales for both the companies, the company itself and the airline with which it makes the pact (Lorna Wang Bowie, 2009). The reason behind the increase in sales is because the passengers in hope of getting special discount in the hotel will fly in the stipulated airline. This will increase its sales, in this regard it can be further stated that this customer might not have chosen the particular air line had the discount not been provide, therefore this customer can be treated as addition customers for the company resulting in increasing the revenue of the airline firm from the pact. The same will be true in case of, stay to gather, in this case it can be stated that the flyers that otherwise would have chosen a different place of stay will choose stay together as their preferred staying option. This will be certainly because of the discount that Stay Together will provide. This will also help in increasing the sales of its services in every regard. This would prove to be beneficial for the company. If the company can further facilitate them with options, like providing them with opportunities of choosi ng credits, free nights, or meals. It can be stated that this will help in increasing the sales of the services further (Sanchez, Satir, 2005). It can be further stated here that flexibility in service also helps in increasing the demand. This is because; flexibility helps in catering and addressing the demand of a varied section of people. As it helps in catering to varied section of people, it enables in having a larger customer base for Stay Together. The management has taken a corporate social responsibility of providing 1% of the total billable to charity. This will help the society and the people requiring help and need in a better manner. In this case, it can be stated that this noble cause will also help in addressing customers with similar values. It can be further stated here that social causes and social statements help in increasing the market share of any company. This has been evident from various market researches. It can be stated here that companies apart from addressing social causes and requirement also declare of a corporate social responsibility to create a clear image in the minds of the people. This is an effective marketing policy as well. Customers in order to donate more or contribute to the social cause in an increased manner, purchase or spend more so that the bill increases. In this regard it becomes evident that this provides more revenue to the company as well as, help in addressing the social cause in a better way (Mauri, 2013). Information technology and Information System Information system and information technology help in increasing the market for the companies in the present context. In this regard it can be further stated that the use of information technology and information system will enable the amalgamation in better management of the 1000 hotel all across the globe. This is because information technology facilitates in faster transmission of information. This helps in adopting policies for the international phenomenon in an efficient and faster manner. In this regard it can be stated as well information technology helps in addressing clients from all across the globe (Kim, Cavusgil, Calantone, 2006). The customers can book form a distant place in advance without incurring any additional cost. In this regard, it can be further stated that this helps in further expanding the market (Buhalis, O'Connor, 2005). An effective information system enables the organization in storing the data and other requisite involved in the operation of the organiz ation in a better manner. This helps in analyzing the data in a better manner and user it in future to increase the business. In this regard it has been evident that the amalgamation of the companies needs to have a effective information technology and system in store for better performance (Romney Steinbart, 2012). Recommendation It can be recommended here that the amalgamation needs to formulate a efficient information system in order to organize itself in a better manner. In this regard it can be further stated that incorporation of appropriate information technology will help in addressing more customers and increase the revenue of the firm. It can also be recommended, here that the amalgamation can also make contract with other modes of transport, which will help in further increasing the business. Making contracts with the tourism departments and providing tourist facilities also help in increase the desirability of the chain and increase the revenue fort them which is the sole objective here (Wong Ooi Mei, Dean Whit, 1999). Conclusion In concluding the report, it has been evident that forming a chain and amalgamating with other organization, helps in decreasing the competition in the market and enables the organization in charging a price above the equilibrium rate. This is because the system provides them with a certain degree of pricing power. In this regard, it can be stated that even though it is beneficial for the companies in this regard but it is not desirable from the customer point of view. In this regard, it can be further stated that providing the customers with addition incentives and facilities help in increasing the market share and sales. In this regard, it can be stated that the amalgamation has adopted a similar policy in increasing the demand. It has also been evident from here that making contract with similar services and providing benefits to customers also help in increasing the demand for products of products for both the companies. In this regard, it can be stated that the role of informati on system and information technology is important. It can be further stated that this helps in increasing the efficiency of the entire system. References Motta, M. (2004).Competition policy: theory and practice. Cambridge University Press. Waterson, M. (2004).Economic theory of the industry. CUP Archive. 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