Hospital Associated Infections-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Strategies utilized by the Hospitals to Control Hospital Associated Infections. Answer: As indicated by this post, a significant wellbeing worry for the patients and the human services suppliers is the HAIs. This announcement has been additionally opined by Mehta et al. (2015), HAIs is the main source behind the expansion instances of bleakness, mortality alongside expanded emergency clinic remain and these increment the expense of the treatment. The post featured in detail the need of the observation framework in emergency clinics for HAIs. Generally medical clinics utilize strong observation framework for contextualizing the HAI trouble. In any case, the post didn't feature that separated from utilizing the reconnaissance framework, clinics additionally actualize a few other down to earth systems so as to control the spread of infectious contamination among the human services experts and patients during their stay in the medical clinic (Lowman 2016). Patients who are experiencing looseness of the bowels, neutropenia, skin rashes or other realized transmittable ailments are kept in seclusion in the emergency unit. Neutropenic patients whenever kept in disengagement lessen the odds of getting tainted with deft contaminations. This detachment methodology is likewise pertinent for the patients who are at an expanded danger of getting influenced with the nosocomial contaminations (Mehta et al. 2014). Different techniques that are utilized by the clinics so as to control the HAIs incorporate legitimate recognition of hand cleanliness, appropriate cleansing of the emergency clinic instruments and apparatuses and regalia like outfits, gloves, careful utensils and devices. This is trailed by the utilization of patient consideration instrument like cover which helps in the insurance of airborne contamination, gloves which helps in the avoidance of contact disease and research center coat which shields from bead safety measures (Mehta et al. 2014). The post could have referenced about urinary tract disease (UTI), another significant reason for grimness and mortality emerging out of the HAIs. Procedures that are utilized to control UTI include: appropriate disinfection of catheter before use, period substitution of the catheter, aseptic addition of catheter and support of shut seepage framework (Mehta et al. 2014). References Lowman, W., 2016. Dynamic reconnaissance of clinic gained contaminations in South Africa: Implementation, effect and challenges.South African Medical Journal,106(5), pp.489-493. Mehta, Y., Gupta, A., Todi, S., Myatra, S.N., Samaddar, D.P., Patil, V., Bhattacharya, P.K. what's more, Ramasubban, S., 2014. Rules for avoidance of clinic procured infections.Indian diary of basic consideration medication: peer-explored, official distribution of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine,18(3), p.149.

Barron V Baltimore

Among the first choices passed on by the United States Supreme Court, some offered constraints to the intensity of the Federal government, others developed the privileges of the Federal government, and still others separated between the forces conceded to the Federal government versus the forces allowed to the individual states.It is among this last gathering the choice in Barron v. Baltimore has a place, as it was a definitive second for the court to plainly remark on the detachment of guidelines held for the states just as the guidelines all the more fittingly allocated the Federal government. Chosen in 1833, the choice is extensive and keeps on affecting American law and society in the present day.Although the choice in Barron v. Baltimore impacts basically the Fifth Amendment, the section of the Fourteenth Amendment develops both the understanding of the Fifth Amendment just as the holding in Barron v.Baltimore. The significant player for this situation, John Barron, was a whar f proprietor in the territory of Maryland. Barron delighted in a productive endeavor using the most profound waters on the bank of Baltimore, until exercises by the city started to affect his business. In 1815, Barron affirmed that the City of Baltimore â€Å"diverted the progression of streams while participating in road construction†, making â€Å"mounds of sand and earth close to his wharf, making the water unreasonably shallow for most vessels†.(Wikipedia, 2007) Because it was the exercises of the city of Baltimore that affected his exchange and not regular disintegration, Barron felt legitimately off-base and brought suit against the city looking for harms for loss of business because of his boats not having the option to stream uninhibitedly into and out of his wharf because of diminished profundity of water. The City of Baltimore couldn't help contradicting the claims of John Barron, and rather expressed in court that they were just leading the exercises importa nt to keep up their city similar to their right.According to the primary volume of the American Law Encyclopedia, Baltimore, as a city, was modernizing in 1815, and their updates included â€Å"building banks, evaluating streets, and clearing streets†. (American Law Encyclopedia, 2007) Because those modernization exercises included occupying little conduits, and in light of the fact that a progression of normal rainstorms filled those redirected conduits with soil, the progression of water prompted the development of sediment at the purging area of the conduits, which was the wharf possessed by John Barron.A neighborhood court, after hearing the case, found that Barron had to be sure been wronged by the City of Baltimore, and granted harms in the measure of $4500, to make up for business lost. The City of Baltimore was enormously disappointed by this choice, in that it demonstrated that they had deliberately taken utilization of the land (water) claimed by Barron and utilized without remuneration, when, actually, the filling of his wharf with residue was a lamentable result of modernization exercises being directed inland.Upon request, â€Å"a Maryland investigative court reversed† and accordingly the pendulum swung back to Barron to push the case ahead. (American Law Encyclopedia, 2007) Barron did as such by engaging the United States Supreme Court, who heard the case on a writ of mistake. The choice passed on by the United States Supreme Court on account of Barron v. Baltimore spoke to one of the principal events of survey for the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. As indicated by the site entitled Common Sense Americanism, â€Å"the essential inquiry under the steady gaze of the Court was whether the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution could be made to apply to the states†. At the point when composed and sanctioned soon after the Constitution was itself composed and endorsed, the Amendments were broadly comprehended to apply to the Federal government and its activities and reach, as the activities and reach of the State governments were accommodated by the Tenth Amendment just as state enactment. Be that as it may, on account of Barron v. Baltimore, Barron looked to have the Fifth Amendment cross applied to have a neighborhood element considered responsible to the equivalent standards.The bit of the Fifth Amendment so profoundly applicable to this case states â€Å"nor will private property be taken for open use, without just compensation†. (U. S. Const. , Amend. V) The choice by the neighborhood court obviously believed that by appointing pay, the Fifth Amendment was in this manner fulfilled; the state court differ in expressing that the Fifth Amendment didn't have any significant bearing. The United States Supreme Court held essentially that â€Å"Barron had no case against the state under the Bill of Rights on the grounds that the Bill of Rights doesn't make a difference to the stat es†.(McBride, 2006) The reason utilized by the court in arriving at this dull resolution was clarified by McBride, saying that the inhabitants of the Constitution applied distinctly to the administration the Constitution makes †that is, the Federal government. Since state governments had been managed the option to make singular state Constitutions, they need rather be held to the norms made inside those archives. In a choice composed by Chief Justice Marshall, the case is excused for need of purview, in light of the fact that similar restrictions and duties allocated the Federal Government are â€Å"not appropriate to the enactment of the States†.(Barron v. Baltimore, 1833) The holding of Barron v. Baltimore stays material to the current day in light of the point of reference set in isolating the obligations of the state and Federal governments. In McCulloch v. Maryland, the point of reference set constrained the capacity of a state government to force limitations on the Federal government. In Gibbons v. Ogden, the point of reference set restricted the pretended by state governments in interstate trade, holding those forces rather to the Federal government. Be that as it may, in Barron v.Baltimore, a choice composed by a similar Chief Justice as the two earlier cases, the point of reference appeared to contrast, in that as opposed to forcing a Federal norm and Federal activities upon neighborhood networks, the Court rather recognized state and Federal powers and expressed that the activities of a nearby substance couldn't be held to similar measures set for a Federal element. Thirty-five years after the choice rendered in Barron v. Baltimore, the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed.The first arrangement of this revision firmly imitated the Fifth Amendment, however prominently leaving off the last wording with respect to remuneration for utilization of land. Though the Fifth Amendment states â€Å"no individual s hall†¦be denied of life, freedom, or property, without fair treatment of law; nor will private property be taken for open use, without just compensation†, the Fourteenth Amendment states â€Å"No State shall†¦deprive any individual of life, freedom, or property, without fair treatment of law; nor deny to any individual inside its purview the equivalent insurance of the laws†. So while the holding in Barron v.Baltimore inevitably affected the formation of the Fourteenth Amendment, remuneration for the utilization of land is outstandingly left quiet. Regardless of that, the durable heritage of Barron v. Baltimore is that in spite of an underlying holding of the inapplicability of Federal guidelines on state or neighborhood substances, it lead to the laying of preparation for as of now followed points of reference that the states are currently held to comparable principles as the Federal government, because of the entry of the Fourteenth Amendment. References Bar ron v. Baltimore. 32 U. S. 243 (1833). Barron v. Baltimore. (2007). American Law Encyclopedia, Vol 1.Retrieved March 30, 2007 from http://law. jrank. organization/pages/4681/Barron-v-Baltimore. html. Barron v. Baltimore. (2007). Wikipedia. Recovered March 30, 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Barron_v. _Baltimore. Presence of mind Americanism. (2007). Barron v. City of Baltimore. Recovered March 30, 2007 from http://www. csamerican. com/SC. asp? r=32+U. S. +243. McBride, A. (2006). The Supreme Court The First Hundred Years Landmark Cases Barron v. Baltimore. Recovered March 30, 2007 from http://www. pbs. organization/wnet/supremecourt/before the war/landmark_barron. html. U. S. Const. , Amend. V. U. S. Const. , Amend. XIV.

Racism in the USA

1. Prejudice is a social issue dependent on segregating individuals of other races.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Racism in the USA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More 2. Bigotry as the prejudicial and severe perspectives and practices against individuals having a place with various races can be considered as a social issue examined comprehensively on the grounds that it relies upon the vision of race as a social development. Hence, bigotry is seen when individuals are isolated into classifications due to their races and clear racial (frequently physical) qualities, and the agents of specific races are seen as sub-par due to social racial generalizations. 3. Distinctive populace classes can be influenced by bigotry everywhere throughout the world with references to the neighborhood dreams of either race as mediocre. In the USA, such minorities as African Americans, Latin Americans, and Asian Americans are influenced by bigotry as a result of the ir natural contrasts, for example skin shading, and in light of the created social generalizations and partialities corresponding to the job of these individuals in the public arena. Consequently, three racial gatherings involving the ethnic minorities in the nation are influenced by bigotry essentially. As per 2000 US Census, in excess of 36 million African Americans (13% of the American populace), and 47 million Hispanics (15.4% of the American populace) live in the USA. Asian Americans present 4% of the American populace (2000 US Census, 2012). Thus, over 32% of the entire American populace experienced immediate or roundabout segregation and misuse in view of their race in 2000, and this number increments. For example, 61% of Latin Americans complemented the issue of bigotry in 2010, contrasting and 47% in 2002 (2000 US Census, 2012; Clarke Thomas, 2006). 4. African Americans and Latin Americans are influenced by the issues associated with bigotry in numerous circles of their reg ular day to day existence. For example, disregarding the reality 58% of African Americans live in metropolitan zones and they are taught, they experience the ill effects of racial segregation corresponding to business and wages paid for their work (Tsuda, 2012). Despite the fact that bigotry and racial separation is legitimately restricted in the USA, there are numerous types of the roundabout segregation created inside network (Tsuda, 2012). African Americans, Latin Americans, and Asian Americans are tested to be separated due to race during the ordinary associations at schools and working environments by the delegates of the American ‘white’ majority.Advertising Looking for article on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The issues of creating generalizations concerning the minorities’ knowledge and job inside society, provocations, and misuses are introduced in the American culture. The issue is in the way that various projects intended to diminish bigotry, (for example, Affirmative Action) are seen by the ‘white’ Americans as segregating their privileges. 5. In the USA, the issue of bigotry is regularly talked about as identified with the time of servitude. The others focus on the way that the issue got not pressing during the 1960s, when Jim Crow laws were abrogated (Takaki, 1993). In all actuality, bigotry is a trademark highlight of the cutting edge American culture which adversely influences the agents of such minority bunches as African Americans, Latin Americans, and Asian Americans. Direct racial separation is restricted in the nation where beyond what 32% of the entire American populace can't be talked about as ‘white’. In any case, the issues of roundabout social segregation, reflecting in complementing imbalances and racial generalizations, are every now and again saw inside the general public. In this way, bigotry as a social issue o ught to be tended to in light of the fact that individuals ought not be partitioned into second rate and unrivaled gatherings on account of their natural characteristics and races as all people are brought into the world equivalent. References 2000 US Census. (2012). Web. Clarke, K., Thomas, D. (2006). Globalization and race: Transformations in the social creation of darkness. Durham: Duke University Press. Takaki, R. T. (1993). An alternate mirror: A background marked by multicultural America. Boston: Little, Brown Company. Tsuda, T. (2012). Migration and ethnic relations in the U. S. USA: University Readers.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Racism in the USA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This exposition on Racism in the USA was composed and presented by client She-Hulk to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

The Insider Secrets of Illegal Immigration Argumentative Essay Topics Exposed

The Insider Secrets of Illegal Immigration Argumentative Essay Topics Exposed The Secret to Illegal Immigration Argumentative Essay Topics Now there are lot of illegal immigrants in the majority of the nations, even rich countries such as USA. There are a few reasons which justify and condemn illegal immigration that I will endeavor to talk about below. He has always been an important but divisive aspect of social and political life in the United States, but in recent years, the debate about the perceived threats and benefits of immigration has intensified considerably. Many people have a tendency to think that eradicating illegal immigration is impossible and that it cannot do the job. Prostitution is related to illegal immigration. Illegal immigration has been part of a substantial problem throughout america of America. Illegal immigration has been an issue for the United States of america for a very long time. Banning immigration isn't going to enhance the condition of the US labor market or decrease the unemployment rate of native residents. Very few different nations match the breathtaking beauty and the cozy lifestyle it provides. Around the world, immigration is a popular topic as countries suffer from war and financial disasters. There has to be a body of authorities who'd monitor the illegal immigrants in a nation. With globalization and the simplicity of movement, immigrants in numerous countries are on the upswing. The price of your custom made essay will be contingent on the speed of delivery. The price of immigration ought to be reduced so as to reduce illegal immigrations. It is critical to think about the positive side of immigration at fi rst to dispel several of the arguments against it, especially in economic terms. Besides the economic factors, another key reason behind immigration is safety and security. Top Choices of Illegal Immigration Argumentative Essay Topics If you must compose an argumentative essay on immigration, but don't have enough time or energy to do it by yourself, you have located the ideal location. Immigration has turned into a large worldwide issue, especially in the area of economics, trade, and company. Immigration is the best alternative to take if you're someone from such regions. Therefore, immigration gives a chance to students who pursue new fields of study they cannot discover in their home country. Choosing topics for argumentative essays is essential for your general success. For example, here is among the ideal place to purchase essays on the internet you can go to. There are a few helpful strategies for argumentative essays. Our argumentative essay writing services provi de various points of view on a particular topic and give a very clear comprehension of the subject matter or issue. Immigration does not need to be the bad man's escape in the event the government provides enough jobs for everybody. Illegal immigrants ought to be assimilated into the American economy, but they need to not have full accessibility to the welfare programs till they have contributed their share. They play a significant role in increasing the gross domestic product of the United States. Conclusion Illegal immigrants have a marginally higher crime rate than the overall population, but in addition they work jobs that lots of people don't want for inexpensive pay. Families don't have to leave whether the nation is safe for them and their children. Taking the opportunity to fix the immigration system might actually help to fix a number of the problems people see with allowing migrants to come in the nation. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. There's no use attempting to please the opposing sides, and that means you should pick 1 side and outline the most convincing arguments to back up your thesis. To guarantee that you will locate a complete answer to every question, we've got a support team that's always online. The issue is, it's not simple to achieve that. In the very first location, there's an excellent problem of illegal. There are lots of details of the problem you'll be able to discuss in an argumentative essay on the subject of immigration. Proper researching is extremely important if writing persuasive essay. Researching the topic will enable you to find out more about what fascina tes you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. To start with, an argumentative essay is a part of formal writing. The very first step in writing a euthanasia argumentative essay is to find out more about the topic. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you could counter to your own points. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with.

The Effects of Power on Responsibility Essay - 1639 Words

The Effects of Power on Responsibility Power and responsibility have a complex relationship that is connected by factors such as a person’s morals and ethics, personality, and under what conditions the person was raised. In a world where power can be found in many forms and in many places, the use and abuse of power can be seen regularly. Power is not just being the CEO of a fortune five-hundred company, or being an elected political representative, the manager of Taco Bell has power, as well as parents as they raise their children. These are the people who have the most influence on how power is used, and if it is used with responsibility. In the United states there are five-hundred and thirty-five congressmen, a president, and a†¦show more content†¦He simply did not have the power to start a foundation for cancer. But once he gained the power, it gave him a means to the end. Often we have ideas that would show great amounts of responsibility, but simply cannot put them into action because we do no t have power, and in this way power has a great effect on responsibility. Power does not always change a person’s morals or responsibility, it just gives them the opportunity to achieve greater things that they may not have been able to accomplish before they gained their power. An increase in responsibility will change a person’s use of power because they may do things for the good of other people that are not necessarily looking out for themselves. In the case of Staff Sgt. Frank D. Wuterich, his level of responsibility was increased when he became the man in charge of a squad of marines. Many people believe that his actions were crimes against humanity, but in his situation he used his power responsibly to try to heel the men he was responsibly for alive. An article by Josh White of the Washington Post says: Staff Sgt. Frank D. Wuterich, 26, told his attorney that several civilians were killed Nov. 19 when his squad went after insurgents who were firing at them from inside a house. The Marine said there was no vengeful massacre, but he described a house-to-house hunt that went tragically awry in the middle of a chaotic battlefield.† In the circumstances, Staff Sgt. Wuterich kept theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Effects Of Power On Responsibility1619 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Power on Responsibility Power and responsibility have a complex relationship that is connected by factors such as a person’s morals and ethics, personality, and under what conditions the person was raised. In a world where power can be found in many forms and in many places, the use and abuse of power can be seen regularly. Power is not just being the CEO of a fortune five-hundred company, or being an elected political representative, the manager of Taco Bell has power, as wellRead MorePower Effect in Decision Making for Corporate Social Responsibilities2235 Words   |  9 Pagescultures with the relevant models. (15) 2. How does power effect in decision making for Corporate Social responsibilities. Kindly discuss one such initiative in details. (15) ****** Political Views Affect Firms Corporate Social Responsibility, Study Finds ScienceDaily (Sep. 19, 2008) — A new study in The Financial Review establishes a relationship between political beliefs of corporate stakeholders and the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of their firms. 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Considering what has been discussed above, the government with more responsibilities would have more incentives to obtain illegal profits when the responsibilities of governmentRead MoreEffects Of The Rule Of Law900 Words   |  4 Pagesto be explaining the effects on the rule of law in the UK if we where to leave behind the EU conventions on Human rights and repeal the human rights act of 1998 and decides replace both with the UK bill of rights and what the impacts will be across the nation including the general public and parliamentary sovereignty. You will be lightly informed on the rule of Law and the Human rights act and then briefed on weather sovereignty is effective given that the separation of powers is in place. The currentRead MoreEssay on Of Mice And Men548 Words   |  3 Pages Every day, people are faced with responsibility. Some thrive under the pressure while others crumble. Responsibility is a sign of independence. Teenagers with greater amounts of responsibility feel freedom from their parents. In the same case, too much responsibility can put more stress on that freedom-seeking teen and can have devastating effects. John Steinbeck shows the theme that in life, responsibility is best taken in moderation in his novel Of Mice and Men. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;InRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Csr1566 Words   |  7 PagesSocial responsibility or also called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)- is the firm’s engagement (voluntarily initiated) in and its compliance (legally mandated) to environmental, social, and governance issues (The Foundation, 2014). Also, is based on stakeholder’s needs being financially sustainable, and CSR can come from both corporate or not-to-profit organizations. CSR has seven categories; Leadership, vision and values; Marketplace activities; Workforce activities; Supply chain activities;Read MoreFailure Of Responsible Management : Enron Corporation1645 Words   |  7 Pagessocial corporate responsibility, leadership, planning, and organization culture. Enron would be read as the demise not just of one firm, but relate to entire economic model’ (Henwood. 2005, p. 33). The Enron case reflects many responsibility management issues; such as they are how to establish ethics standards, corporate social responsibility, and leadership function for firm. From Enron case people should understand that leader to run an organization could not without responsibility management. This

Financial Distress Air Line Industry - 3947 Words

UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE DEPARTMENT OF STUDIES IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION B. N. BAHADUR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES MANASAGANGOTRI MYSORE 570006 KARNATAKA, INDIA Seminar Paper on Financial Distress and Restructuring A Case Study of Air India Ltd Kingfisher Airlines Ltd Submitted to Dr. B. Shivraj Professor, DOSBA, UoM Submitted by Mr. Prasad V. Daddikar MBA IV Semester, Roll No. 50 Reg. No. 10MBO102 INTRODUCTION Financial distress is a term in Corporate Finance used to indicate a condition when promises to creditors of a company are broken or honored with difficulty. Sometimes financial distress can lead to bankruptcy. Financial distress is usually associated with some costs to the company;†¦show more content†¦Such models have been used by commercial banks and creditors to assess the creditworthiness of commercial users, by investors to measure a firm’s risk of insolvency, and by business managers to assess and manage the financial turnaround of distressed companies. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT OF INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES †¢ The airline industry, like many other industries, is increasingly exposed to competition. Increased competition has two effects on firms: it creates downward pressures on output prices, and it creates incentives for improving productivity and efficiency. †¢ Many airlines have been forced to undertake major restructuring in order to meet these challenges. Many researchers have used different model to decompose changes in airline profitability into two components: productivity and price recovery ability. †¢ The study concluded that increased competition in international air transport markets has put pressures on carriers’ ability to raise prices. However input prices, like labor, fuel, materials, flight equipment, ground property and equipment have been increasing. †¢ They also demonstrated that airlines have made tremendous effort to improve efficiency to counteract such trends, yet large fluctuations in profitability are still an ongoing reality. Due to these fluctuations in airline fortunes, early warning systems of imminent distress are of benefit to management and airline stakeholders such as creditors and investors. †¢ No predictionShow MoreRelatedThe Cause of Financial Distress in Airlines Industry Introduction According to International Air1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cause of Financial Distress in Airlines Industry Introduction According to International Air Transport Association (IATA), global airline industry has a history of 100 years (2014). 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Currency derivatives are developed and adopted to implement a strategy known as hedging, in which an organisation acquires a contract in order to offset an expected drop or rise in value of a position or future cash flow (BelkRead MoreRisk Management10258 Words   |  42 Pagesgratefully acknowledges the financial support of Harvard Business Schools Division of Research. Email: Lmeulbroek@hbs.edu Abstract This paper is intended as a risk management primer for senior managers. It discusses the integrated risk management framework, emphasizing the connections between the three fundamental ways a company can implement its risk management objectives: modifying the firms operations, adjusting its capital structure, and employing targeted financial instruments. IntegrationRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Air India4389 Words   |  18 PagesA REPORT ON FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF AIR INDIA COURSE: MBA in Logistics and Supply Chain Management SUBJECT: Financial Analysis for Managers ID No: EAC0911598 12/28/2011 Christy Christopher Devassy TABLE OF CONTENT 01 I. Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 02 II. Company Profile†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 03 III. Financial Ratio’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦04 a) Profitability Ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..04 b) Efficiency Ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦08 c) Liquidity Ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreMas and Airasia Collaboration3079 Words   |  13 PagesVarious industries, specifically in airline business are attempting to improve their services to draw new passengers and travellers and to retain old passengers and travellers, and this objective is part of their business as well as their marketing model. In order to adjust with the stiff competition in the airlines business, airlines industries tend to come up with various businesses models and model to be competitive. Additionally, because of increasing competition among substitute industries, firms

Twentieth Century work Literature and Culture - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Twentieth Century work Literature and Culture. Answer: Introduction The fashion of the 20th-century Victorian society was largely different from what the populace of the older generations was used to (Carroll Wheeler, 2014). These clothes were less colorful than their predecessors, more restrictive and formal. Unlike the previous ages, the clothing for men and women varied greatly and the main objective behind their design was to bring out the individual's sexuality, to emphasize boldly on the physical differences between the two sexes. Orlando byVirginia Woolf was first published on October 11, 1928. An energetic play inspired by the volatile background of Woolf's close friend and romantic interest for over a decade, Vita Sackville-West who was herself a novelist and poet from an aristocratic family. Orlando is Woolf's one of the most distinguished novels and navigates through English literary history in a satiric nature. The book chronicles the life of a poet, whose sex mysteriously changes frombeing a male to female.Orlando lives for more than th ree centuries, meeting the pillars of English literature history. The essay focuses on the sexual motif of Orlandos sudden change in gender and the indifference he personally feels until he encounters society. Orlando was born at the time of Queen Elizabeth the First and from then goes on to live for more than 300 years. Orlando is treated as a major milestone from a feminist perspective and critics have described it as The longest and most charming love letter in literature. The first part of the essay describes the plot of the novel followed by the sexual motif of gender fluidity and the meaninglessness of gender that is presented throughout the storyline. The essay further discusses briefly the inspiration for the novel,Vita Sackville-West. She was the basis for the character for Orlando as admitted by Virginia Woolf herself (Johnston, 2016). The last part of the essay explores a couple of reviews from famous critics and their perception towards the book. Discussion Orlando was an English nobleman born in the time of Queen Elizabeth I (Danahay, 2016). He undergoes a sudden transformation in his gender around the age of 30 and lives on for more than three centuries into the modern era without any noticeable effects of aging. When Orlando was young boy, he performed the duties of a page at the Elizabethan court and soon grew into a "favorite" of the aging monarch. Once the queen passes away, he falls for Princess Sasha, an elusive and wild member of the entourage at the Russian embassy. Woolf used the picturesque Frost Fair organized on the ice-capped Thames River during the Great Frost of 1608 as a background for their intense affair. Sashas increasing unfaithfulness towards Orlando and eventually her sudden departure for Russia coincides with the thawing of the ice. The heart-broken Orlando finds a way to distract himself by going back to writinga long poem that he had started and abandoned in his younger days, The Oak Tree. He meets and hospitably entertains an inferior poet likely to bring out resentment in most people, Nicholas Greene. Greene goes on to find faults in Orlando's writing. Subsequently, when Orlando find out that Greene has criticized him in his work he feels betrayed. Orlando goes back to seek the safety of his stately ancestral home after contemplating about his recent experiences.He proceeds to decorate his home lavishly and plays host to the populace. Orlando desperately tries to flee the country after a sense of dissatisfaction creeps into him. The constant badgering of a determined suitor, the imposing and manly Archduchess Harriet reinforces his decision. King Charles II appoints him the diplomat to Constantinople. Orlando is seen falling into a deep slumber on a night of rebellion and civic disobedience. Upon awakening several days later, he finds that he has transformed into a woman. He was mentally and spiritually the same person, but in a feminine form. The narrator appears amazed by Orlando's change but Orlando personally accepts this change in a very indifferent manner. From this point on, Orlando's sexual preferences alter frequently although biologically she is female (Squier, 2017). Lady Orlando secretly escapes the city of Constantinople hiding among a group of Gypsies. The friction she experiences between her English values and the Gypsy was of life forces Orlando to head back to England. She realizes the consequences of becoming a woman on the ship back to England, when atiny glimpse of her ankle nearly causes a sailor to fall to his death. After realizing its advantages Orlando says, "Praise God I'm a woman!". On arriving in England, Orlando rejects the marriage proposal of the Archduchess yet again, who then divulge herself originally to be a man by the name of Archduke Harry. She regularly practices cross-dressing and eventually gets absorbed in the social life of that era. Orlando wins the lawsuit against her cousin over a property dispute and then a sea captain, Marmaduke BonthropShelmerdine wins her hand in marriage. Orlando credits the success of their marriage to the fact that gender held very little importance to them both. She wins a prize in after publishing The Oak Tree finally in 1928. The novel ends as her husband returns from his voyage and she rushes to greet him (Ritcher, 2015). The essay focuses on the sexuality of the protagonist Orlando, which extends to question our conventional view of male and female genders being completely separate from each other (Yazdani Cheraghi, 2014). Orlando's sex change plays a pivotal role in the novel as it brings to light the ideas that Woolf wanted to question and challenge. As Orlando wakes up as a woman from her deep slumber, she calmly proceeds to the bath after noticing her change on a mirror. While residing in the gypsy camp that was hidden in between the hills of Turkey, far away from the ideals and norms of human civilization, Orlando's sexuality has no importance in her life at all and she does not act any differently due to the change in her sex. However, she immediately notices the difference when she sails on an English ship to go back to her country. As England comes into sight, her feminine side appeals to Orlando and the tears came to her eyes, but remembering the fact that she had changed into a woman, she would let them flow. She also recalled, that men cry as frequently and as unreasonably as women from her own understanding as a man. The oppression of gender during the Victorian period is expressed by Orlando as a ring of quivering sensibility about the second finger of the left hand and the weight of the crinoline that Orlando has submissively adopted Woolf suggests that the concept of gender was created by the human society itself. Orlando adopts conventional male mannerisms when she goes out into the night in a mans clothing. The point is that the author tries to make is that if society accepts the concept of gender neutrality then people will exercise more freedom as individuals according to their personalities and live only by the rules they are supposed to follow (Tkal?ec, 2016). In the Victorian era men's clothing is seen as decorous and rigid , women's as elaborate and over the top (Halsall, 2015). Clothing covered the entire body and even the glimpse of an ankle was considered to be highly disgraceful. According to numerous critics, corsets were responsible for constricting women's bodies and their lives. Mens clothing was formal and less colorful than their predecessors, smoking jackets and gowns were often made from exclusive Oriental fabrics. A fast growing textile manufacturing market that adopted mass production techniques caused this phenomenon. Corsets emphasized on showing a woman's sexuality, exaggerating hips and bust by contrast with a tiny waist. The clothing of this era tried to draw a well-defined line between the two genders and women were highly restricted both in terms of clothing and in terms of mannerisms (Sanyal, 2014). The multiple occurrences of cross-dressing support the central idea of gender neutrality in the novel and is practiced by the likes ofArchduke Harry whocross-dresses as a woman for a large period of time but reveals himself to be a man in further down the story and by Orlando. Orlando continues to switch between the clothes of both genders even after he undergoes an actual change of sex (Wood, 2015). This motif in the novel highlights the similarities between men and women in spite of the different attires society wants them to wear. Orlando does not feel any urge to give her life up as a woman but she regrets not having the freedom she used to enjoy as a man. Here, Woolf suggests that society is too hard-handed with regard to the roles it forces men and women to play as they are very similar underneath their physical characteristics. The genders should be allowed more freedom in their actions. The fact that a woman can be perceived as a man under the covering of something as meritle ss as clothes, questions the very foundations of the Victorian era English society (Shoemaker, 2014). A society in which women were expected to be milder and softer, while the men were expected to be the stronger both physically and emotionally of the two. The concept of time is incredibly subjective in Orlando (Simpson, 2016). The few ways to tell the passage of time are new inventions and change in the monarchy. Without the clues, it would be dependent on Orlandos perception of time that is relative to his personal experiences. This reflects the way one actually experience time. As said by Einstein himself, Put your hand on a hot stove for a minute, and it seems like an hour. Sit with a pretty girl for an hour, and it seems like a minute (Williams, 2014). Woolf upholds a queer view of human gender by merging the conventional lines set by society using Victorian fashion as amedium, something that was made to demarcate and highlight the differences between the two (Stauffer, 2015). The author to merge that very same gap intelligently implemented the very clothes that were meant to create a divide in society. The inspiration for the novel came from Vita Sackville-West (Hollis, 2017).Both Woolf and Vita Sackville-West was a part of the Bloomsbury Group, an organization that was popular due to its liberalviews on sexuality (Celis, Oyarzun Anglonorteamericana, 2015). Woolf confirmed this inspiration, who wrote in her diary on 5 October 1927: And instantly the usual exciting devices enter my mind: a biography beginning in the year 1500 and continuing to the present day, called Orlando: Vita; only with a change about from one sex to the other. Nigel Nicolson, Vita Sackville-West's son, wrote, The effect of Vita on Virginia is all contained in Orlando, the longest and most charming love letter in literature, in which she explores Vita, weaves her in and out of the centuries, tosses her from one sex to the other, plays with her, dresses her in furs, lace and emeralds, teases her, flirts with her, drops a veil of mist around her. Orlando is a critical and a commercial success, it is considered as an outstanding piece of literature as well as groundbreaking for its time (Smith, 2016). The New York Times described it as unconventional even by Woolfs standards. Even though the structure of the novel is hard to grasp as the protagonist lives through three centuries in the span of the novel. They said that Mrs. Woolf has handled the subtle difficulties faced by contemporary writers brilliantly and shows the rest how to introspect profitably in the right direction. Tilda Swindon from The Telegraph wrote, I see now that at any point in a life of any length, when our relentless distractions lapse for a moment and there is that sudden flash of inspired clarity in which we see that all that life is about is nature, breathing in and out and keeping your head high until you drop, Orlando is the book to put under your pillow and rest upon. The novel has not lost its relevance and like its protagonist, it has left time powerless (Bruinsma, 2015). Conclusion Therefore, the essay talks briefly about the plot of the novel and story and mainly focuses on the fluidity of gender presented by Woolf. She established the fact that gender was a concept created and implemented by society itself. She used the gender-biased instruments and attires of Victorian England and created a world of sexual queerness and fluidity, where the line between man and woman does not seem to exist anymore. She strives to make society free from the gender bias and stereotypes where every individual can be what they want to be and not be restricted by norms put upon them. Both critically and financially, Orlando was a contemporary success. It ensured the well-being of Virginia Woolf and even in todays society, it is considered as a landmark for feminist literature. It was not only regarded as high literature but also had a tinge of gossip about it. It is also recognized as an experiment that opened new doors in English literature. There have been multiple theater adaptations of the novel and it has been made into a movie of the same name. Orlando occupies a special place in terms of womens literature, it is one of the very few notable pieces of writing by a woman who directly broaches the controversial and difficult topic of gender. This book has stood the test of time and the readers can still connect with the ideas presented by Woolf even in the present current society. References Bruinsma, Y. A. (2015). 'Give us also the Right to our Existence!'Explorations of Gender Identity in the Early 20th Century as portrayed in Virginia Woolf's Orlando and Radclyffe Hall's The Well of Loneliness. Carroll, D., Wheeler, M. (Eds.). (2014).The Victorian period: the intellectual and cultural context of English literature, 1830-1890. Routledge. Celis, A. M., Oyarzun, E. V., Anglonorteamericana, F. M. (2015). Orlando: the longest and most charming love-letter in literature Study of bisexuality in and out of fiction, in past and present. Danahay, M. A. (2016).Gender at Work in Victorian Culture: Literature, Art and Masculinity. Routledge. Halsall, A. (2015). A Parade of Curiosities: Alan Moore's The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen and Lost Girls as Neo?Victorian Pastiches.The Journal of Popular Culture,48(2), 252-268. Hollis, C. W. (2017). Virginia Woolfs Double Signature. InVirginia Woolf in the Real World: Selected Papers from the Thirteenth International Conference on Virginia Woolf(pp. 19-23) Johnston, G. (2016).The Formation of 20th-Century Queer Autobiography: Reading Vita Sackville-West, Virginia Woolf, Hilda Doolittle, and Gertrude Stein. Springer. Richter, H. (2015).Virginia Woolf: The Inward Voyage. Princeton University Press. Sanyal, S. (2014). Breaking through the Limits of Flesh: Gender Fluidity and (Un) natural Sexuality in Virginia Woolfs Orlando.Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities,6(1), 79-86. Shoemaker, R. B. (2014).Gender in English Society 1650-1850: The Emergence of Separate Spheres?. Routledge. Simpson, K. (2016). Quick and Queer: Love-Life-Writing in Orlando and Affinity. InSarah Waters and Contemporary Feminisms(pp. 43-59). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Smith, M. F. (2016). Virginia Woolf and the Hermaphrodite: A Feminist Fan of Orlando and Critic of Roger Fry.English Studies,97(3), 277-297. Squier, S. M. (2017).Virginia Woolf and London: The sexual politics of the city. UNC Press Books. Stauffer, A. (2015). Introduction. InVirtual Victorians(pp. 1-8). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Tkal?ec, L. (2016).Modernist Novel and the Idea of Progress: a Reading of Virginia Woolf's Novels-Mrs Dalloway, Between the Acts and Orlando: A Biography(Doctoral dissertation, University of Zadar. Department of English.). Williams, L. C. (2014). Virginia Woolfs history of sexual victimization: a case study in light of current research.Psychology,5(10), 1151. Wood, E. S. (2015).Embodied female voices: Sexuality and artistry in Woolf, Yeats, Joyce, and Beckett. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Yazdani, S., Cheraghi, H. (2014). A Modernist Perspective: the Concept of Gender Identity in Woolfs Orlando, from the Viewpoint of SD Beauvoir.Anthropologist,18(2), 469-476.

Bhopal, India Poison Gas Leak Disaster, 1984

Bhopal, India Poison Gas Leak Disaster, 1984 During the night of December 2-3, 1984, a storage tank containing methyl isocyanate (MIC) at the Union Carbide pesticide plant leaked gas into the densely populated city of Bhopal, India. Killing an estimated 3,000 to 6,000 people, the Bhopal Gas Leak was one of the worst industrial accidents in history. Cutting Costs Union Carbide India, Ltd. built a pesticide plant in Bhopal, India in the late 1970s in an effort to produce pesticides locally to help increase production on local farms. However, sales of pesticide didnt materialize in the numbers hoped for and the plant was soon losing money. In 1979, the factory began to produce large amounts of the highly toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC), because it was a cheaper way to make the pesticide carbaryl. To also cut costs, training and maintenance in the factory were drastically cut back. Workers in the factory complained about the dangerous conditions and warned of possible disasters, but management did not take any action. The Storage Tank Heats Up On the night of December 2-3, 1984, something began to go wrong in storage tank E610, which contained 40 tons of MIC. Water leaked into the tank which caused the MIC to heat up. Some sources say that water leaked into the tank during routine cleaning of a pipe but that the safety valves inside the pipe were faulty. The Union Carbide company claims that a saboteur placed the water inside the tank, although there has never been proof of this. It is also considered possible that once the tank began to overheat, workers threw water on the tank, not realizing they were adding to the problem. The Deadly Gas Leak By 12:15 a.m. on the morning of December 3, 1984, MIC fumes were leaking out of the storage tank. Although there should have been six safety features that would have either prevented the leak or contained it, all six did not work properly that night. It is estimated that 27 tons of MIC gas escaped out of the container and spread across the densely populated city of Bhopal, India, which had a population of approximately 900,000 people. Although a warning siren was turned on, it was quickly turned off again so as to not cause panic. Most residents of Bhopal were sleeping when the gas began to leak. Many woke up only because they heard their children coughing or found themselves choking on the fumes. As people jumped up from their beds, they felt their eyes and throat burning. Some choked on their own bile. Others fell to the ground in contortions of pain. People ran and ran, but they did not know in which direction to go. Families were split up in the confusion. Many people fell to the ground unconscious and were then trampled upon. The Death Toll Estimates of the death toll vary greatly. Most sources say at least 3,000 people died from immediate exposure to the gas, while higher estimates go up to 8,000. In the two decades following the night of the disaster, approximately 20,000 additional people have died from the damage they received from the gas. Another 120,000 people live daily with the effects of the gas, including blindness, extreme shortness of breath, cancers, birth deformities, and early onset of menopause. Chemicals from the pesticide plant and from the leak have infiltrated the water system and the soil near the old factory and thus continue to cause poisoning in the people who live near it. The Man Responsible Just three days after the disaster, the chairman of Union Carbide, Warren Anderson, was arrested. When he was released on bail, he fled the country. Although his whereabouts were unknown for many years, recently he was found living in the Hamptons in New York. Extradition procedures have not started because of political issues. Anderson continues to be wanted in India for culpable homicide for his role in the Bhopal disaster. The Company Says They Are Not to Blame One of the worst parts of this tragedy is actually what has happened in the years following that fateful night in 1984. Although Union Carbide has paid some restitution to the victims, the company claims they are not liable for any damages because they blame a saboteur for the disaster and claim that the factory was in good working order before the gas leak. The victims of the Bhopal gas leak have received very little money. Many of the victims continue to live in ill health and are unable to work.

Electrum Metal Alloy or Green Gold

Electrum Metal Alloy or Green Gold Electrum is a naturally occurring alloy of gold and silver with a small amount of other metals. The man-made alloy of gold and silver is chemically similar to electrum  but usually is called green gold. Electrum Chemical Composition Electrum consists of gold and silver, often with small amounts of copper, platinum, or other metals. Copper, iron, bismuth, and palladium commonly occur in natural electrum. The name may be applied to any gold-silver alloy that is 20-80% gold and 20-80% silver, but unless it is the natural alloy, the synthesized metal is more correctly termed green gold,  gold, or silver (depending which metal is present in the higher amount).  The ratio of gold to silver in natural electrum varies according to its source. Natural electrum found today in  Western  Anatolia contains  70% to 90% gold. Most examples of ancient electrum are coins, which contain increasingly lower amounts of gold, so its believed the raw material was alloyed further to conserve profit. The word electrum has also been applied to the alloy called German silver, although this is an alloy that is silver in color, not elemental composition. German silver typically consists of  60% copper, 20% nickel and 20% zinc.   Electrum Appearance Natural electrum ranges in color from pale gold to bright gold, depending on the amount of the element gold present in the alloy. Brassy-colored electrum contains a higher amount of copper. Although the ancient Greeks called the metal white gold, the modern meaning of the phrase white gold  refers to a different alloy that contains gold  but appears silvery or white. Modern green gold, consisting of gold and silver, actually does appear yellowish -green.  Intentional addition of cadmium may  enhance the green color, although cadmium is toxic, so this limits the uses of the alloy. The addition of 2% cadmium produces a light green color, while 4% cadmium yields a deep green color. Alloying with copper deepens the color of the metal. Electrum Properties The exact properties of electrum depend on the metals in the alloy and their percentage. Generally, electrum has a high reflectivity, is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity, is ductile and malleable, and is fairly corrosion resistant. Electrum Uses Electrum has been used as currency, to make jewelry and ornaments, for drinking vessels, and as an exterior coating for pyramids and obelisks. The earliest known coins in the Western world were minted of electrum and it remained  popular for coinage until about 350 BC. Electrum is harder and more durable than pure gold, plus the techniques for gold refining were not widely known in ancient times. Thus, electrum was a popular and valued precious metal. Electrum History As a natural metal, electrum was obtained and used by early man.  Electrum was used to make the earliest metal coins, dating back at least to the 3rd millennium BC in Egypt. The Egyptians also used the metal to coat important structures. Ancient drinking vessels were made of electrum. The modern Nobel Prize medal consists of green gold (synthesized electrum) plated with gold. Where Can You Find Electrum? Unless you visit a museum or win the Nobel Prize, you best chance of finding electrum is to seek the natural alloy. In ancient times, the chief source of electrum was  Lydia, around the Pactolus River, a  tributary of the Hermus, now called the  Gediz Nehriin in Turkey. In the modern world, the primary source of electrum is Anatolia. Smaller amounts also may be found in Nevada, in the USA.

Choose a fashion style or a physical element of a particular style and Essay

Choose a fashion style or a physical element of a particular style and consider how it signifies a social identity. Discuss the - Essay Example This discussion will define in detail the punk fashion style to bring out the unique aspects that define and alienate it from just any other group. Punk is a subculture, mostly of youth with the characters of opposing government, hating authority, with extreme unique hairstyles and dressing, they have the hatred of big business, greatly oppose prejudice, amongst other qualities. They advocate most of their ideas through their music, usually created by their punk rock bands. The emergence of this group dates back to the mid to late 1970’s mostly in the United Kingdom and United States, but today exists in most parts of the globe. Just like any other segregation or group, punk depicts strong distinct features that alienate it from any other group mostly in their styles of music, film, visual art, dance, and what this discussion is all about; fashion. Fashion is an umbrella term that covers style or practice preferences mostly in footwear, accessories, make up, clothing, body pie rcing, fashion, and to some extent furniture amongst others. According to English (2013), the 1970’s and 1980’s saw the emergence of extreme nihilistic fashion that depicted street style clothing, dressing associated with poverty, to express aggression and attract attention. It was during the era when Britain, and the global economy was skydiving, further widening the groove between the rich and the poor. The level of unemployment was very high and young people, especially the uneducated were the hardest hit. This period inspired, and continues to inspire modern punks’ way of dressing; they dress in worn, dirty, tattered clothes. It is also logical that owing to the small size malnourished people, they adopted the trend of wearing tight fitting jeans and clothes in general. Still on the note of dressing, punks consider their dressing as a medium of communication, and incorporate various tactics of doing so. As Kearns (2010), puts it, the punk subculture defines and applies its own intentional and very carefully thought of display codes. These codes have messages that they send out, which usually go against the grain of normal cultures, as they tend to be provocative, vulgar and offensive. In short, their fashion is a voice. The messages most common on the punk’s clothing revolve around Nazism, kinky sex, self-mutilation, political anarchy and other various themes that work to offend or provoke the â€Å"outsiders† who in this case are non-punks. Some popular examples include the â€Å"destroy shirt† that has the crucifix in an upside down posture with swastikas surrounding it, and the notorious shirt prints of two naked cowboys standing face to face. One of the major identities that punks use to identify themselves is through body modifications. Their body modifications mostly include body markings such as tattooing and writing on it or by piercing various parts of their bodies. Surprisingly enough, some even go to the extent of stretching their ears to achieve weird looks. In deeper punk, permanent and temporary body modifications such as branding, implants, and scarification make their identity and act as cues for artistic expression in addition to demonstrating scene involvement and embracing social difference. To differentiate themselves from the normal piercings, punks pierce unusual body parts such as cheeks or noses and implement crude accessories like safety pins and custom bullring design

STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS - Essay Example The company was started in 1902 as a joint venture between Imperial Tobacco Company of United Kingdom and the American Tobacco Company of the USA. The parent companies agreed to carry out export businesses and form overseas subsidiaries to the joint venture. The company began operations in diversified counties outside UK and USA such as Canada, Germany, New Zealand, South Africa and Australia (Our history). In 1911, one of the parent companies, the American Tobacco Company, sold its shares of the company. Imperial Tobacco too slowly reduced its shareholding by 1980. In 1976, the companies held by the group were consolidated under a new holding company, called B.A.T Industries. In 1994, BAT took over its former parent, American Tobacco Company. However, in 1999 British American Tobacco formed a merger with Rothmans International, which made it the target of criticism from human rights groups. Similarly, in 2003, British American Tobacco bought Ente Tabacchi Italiani (ETI), Italys state tobacco company. British American Tobacco holds one of the most famous brands across the world. The international brands include Dunhill, Pall Mall, Benson & Hedges etc. The company has a gross turnover of over  £26 million and revenue of over  £10 million. The company employs over 53000 people (Our Brands). British American Tobacco strongly believes in conducting business with honesty, integrity and transparency. Not only it the right thing to do, but is also essential to the continuous development of a business. A business that is responsible, successful and sustainable in the long term. The company is committed to good corporate governance and believes in achieving business objectives in a responsible and consistent manner, at the same time following honesty, transparency and accountability. Corporate governance is not simply an exercise in compliance, but as a vital element defining the sustainable, long-term growth of business. According to the Sustainability Report

Guidelines for Short Term Certificate Courses Essay Example for Free

Guidelines for Short Term Certificate Courses Essay Short Term Vocational Certificate Courses of Three months, Six months and One year duration are being introduced in the disciplines of Agriculture, Engineering Technology, Computer Science, Business Commerce, Home Science and Humanities, with the objective of providing training to SSC failed/passed students or candidates who are interested in acquiring job oriented skills and wish to join the world of work, to enable them to earn their livelihood. (Course details at AnnexureI . These courses are being introduced as self-financing courses. HOW TO APPLY 1. Any Private Institution / NGO having good track record in the field of providing training and having required infrastructure can start these Short Term Vocational Courses with the approval from the State Institute of Vocational Education, after they satisfy the norms prescribed herein. 2. Application forms can be obtained from the concerned District Vocational Educational Officers or from the office of the Director of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad by paying Rs. 100/- through Demand Draft in favour of Secretary, Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh, Nampally, Hyderabad or can be down loaded from BIE website at: www. bieap. gov. in under â€Å"vocational courses† pages 3. At the time of filing application the institute should provide information on class room infrastructure, On the Job Training linkage, faculty, Society registration or Certificate of incorporation, track record in the field of training opted for and tie up for placements of trained candidates. 4. Maximum number of sections permitted for any institution will be 9 only, of different durations. A minimum of two courses should be offered from different disciplines. 5. The filled in application along with all enclosures should be submitted to the concerned District Vocational Educational Officer before the prescribed date. An Inspection Fee of Rs. 500/= in case of Rural area and Rs. 1000/= in case of an Urban area, in the form of a demand Draft in favour of the 3 Secretary, BIE in any Nationalized Bank, payable at Hyderabad is to be enclosed. SANCTION PROCEDURE 6. A three men inspection committee consisting of 1] DVEO, 2] Principal of GJC and 3] Subject expert will inspect the Institutions and submit the feasibility report with recommendations to State Institute of Vocational Education [SIVE]. 7. Permission will be granted by the State Institute of Vocational Education [SIVE] on receipt of feasibility report from District Vocational Educational Officers concerned, on the available infrastructure and On the Job Training facilities with MOU tie up for placements. 8. At the time of applying for Short Term Vocational Courses the Institute should indicate the Industry / Workshops / Service Organisations in which On the Job Training will be provided. They should furnish the MOU with the training establishment along with the application. FEE PARTICULARS: 9. The Private Institution / NGO should pay Rs. 500/- per section per module as recognition fee through Demand Draft in favour of the Secretary, Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh, Nampally, Hyderabad after approval from the State Institute of Vocational Education. (Three months course; one module; Rs/ 500, six months course; two modules; Rs/ 1,000, One year course; three modules; Rs 1,500) 10. The maximum tuition fee to be collected from the student is Rs. 300/- Per Month. ADMISSION PROCEDURE: 11. The Head of the Institution / Correspondent / Principal of the concerned institute shall take up the admission process only after obtaining permission from the State Institute of Vocational Education [SIVE]. 12. The maximum intake shall be 40 [forty] students per section. 13. No age limit is prescribed for admission to these courses. 14. Selection Criteria: 4 Minimum qualifications for admission into these courses shall be as mentioned in Annexure – I. Candidates having higher qualification with an aptitude to learn the skills in the relevant field are also eligible for admission. SCHEME AND SYLLABUS: 15. The short-term courses are organized in to modules of three months duration each. The Institutions taking up Short Term Vocational Courses have to strictly follow the academic schedule, syllabus and On the Job Training pattern prescribed by the State Institute of Vocational Education [SIVE] including guidelines for conducting classes/ training, examination, evaluation etc from time to time. Copy of the syllabus can be obtained from DVEO. or can be down loaded from BIE website at: www. bieap. gov. in under â€Å"vocational courses† pages The Scheme of instruction prepared by the State Institute of Vocational Education as mentioned below has to be strictly followed. SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION FOR EACH MODULE Subject Theory Hours 72 Total 72 Weightage 30 30 Hours 216 216 On the Job Training [OJT] Weightage 70 70 Hours 288 288 Total Weightage 100 100 SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION/WEEK Subject Theory 6 On the Job Training [OJT] 18 Total 24 16. In order to provide job-oriented skills to students, greater emphasis shall be placed on, On the Job Training. The entire work relating to practicals / on the job training shall be conducted in workshops / Organisations / industries. On the Job Training to be provided in the workshops etc. shall be directly under the supervision of Master Trainer of the workshops / industries / Service Establishments. 5 SOME OF THE POSSIBLE ESTABLISHMENTS FOR PROVIDING ON THE JOB TRAINING ARE INDICATED BELOW. 1. Agriculture State Government Centres Private Reeling Centres/ ANGRAU, Hyderabad/Dairy Cattle farms/Fish farm/Government/University farms. 2. Business Commerce Banks / Commercial Establishments / Super Markets / Chartered Accountants / Tax Consultants / Commercial Institutes. NIIT/ CMC / APTECH / Locatiya Computers / Setwin / ITI /Polytechnic Colleges / only recognized Computer Labs / private computer labs Setwin/ITI Training Centres/ Polytechnics/ Tribal Welfare work centre/Automobile workshops Small medium Bakeries/Food Craft Institutions/Home science Colleges /Food catering Institution/Beauty parlors Hotels/ Garment Units/CMC ATC/Setwin. Star Hotels / Tourist Centres / Travel Agencies. 3. Computer Science 4. Engineering Technology. 5. Home Science 6. Humanities 17) There should be a Continuous check on the conduct of classes and attendance of students in the class and On the Job Training by the Principal and Master Trainer regularly. Minimum 90% attendance is essential for passing the module. The concerned District Vocational Education Officer would regularly inspect the teaching and training establishments 6 EXAMINATION AND CERTIFICATION: 18) In order to facilitate continuous evaluation for each module Theory and On the Job Training examination should be conducted at the end of first, second and third module. The Instructor associated with the course should assess the students in terms of their competency achieved. The Master Trainer/ Supervisor in the Industry / Business establishment/Organisation will also test and assess the student based on the Technical Skills acquired. At the end of the module examination will be conducted at institution level under the supervision and control of the District Examination Committee headed by DVEO as per the guidelines prescribed by the SIVE. The following system of grades has to be adopted for the purpose of performance appraisal of the students at the end of each module based on continuous evaluation duly giving 30% Weightage on performance in theory and 70% Weightage on performance in On the Job Training [OJT]. Award of Grades and entitled grade points Marks Range 90-100 70-89 Grades A B Sub Ranges 95-100 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 0-24 Grade Points 10 9 8. 5 8 7. 5 7 6. 5 6 5. 5 5 4. 5 4 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 19) 20) 21) 50-69 C 40-49 30-39 0-29 D E F. 7 22) Grade card will be issued for each module after clearing the Theory and On the Job Training [OJT] with ‘D’ or higher grade in the module. Those getting less than ‘D’ grade will not be considered as pass in the module and they will have to repeat the module after taking fresh admission and only those passing in initial module will be eligible to join the next module. DVEO will issue a module completion certificate. After successful completion of entire course, a competency-based certificate will be given by the State Institute of Vocational Education [SIVE] through the DVEO concerned. 23) PLACEMENTS: 24) The Institute taking up Short Term Vocational Courses should take every measure to provide placement to the students by liaison with Business establishments /Industries / other establishments. Institutions should play a major role in placement of the passouts. Placement cell has to be created in the Institution. APPOINTMENT OF FACULTY: 25) The Principal / Correspondent is authorized to engage the teaching faculty. Qualifications for the Teaching Faculty course wise shall be as mentioned in the Annexure II. Sd/- SHASHANK GOEL DIRECTOR OF INTERMEIDATE EDUCATION. 8 ANNEXURE I MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR 3 MONTHS [One Module], 6 MONTHS [Two Modules] ONE YEAR COURSES [Three Modules]. Sl. Course No. I. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 II. 8 9 10 11 12 III. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 AGRICULTURE: Bee-Keeping [Apiculture] Mushroom Culture Veterinary Compounder Sericulture Assistant Farm Assistant Fisheries Assistant Gardener Training Course BUSINESS COMMERCE: Accountancy Taxation Salesmanship Typewriting English Shorthand COMPUTER SCIENCE COURSES: Web Designing Internet Computer Maintenance M. S. Office Unix C C++ V. B. Oracle VB ASP Oracle with D2K Oracle with DBA DTP Auto CAD One One One One One One One One One One Three Months Three Months Three Months Three Months Three Months Three Months Three Months Three Months Three Months Three Months SSC Failed SSC Failed Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate Three Three Three Three Three One year One year One year One year One Year Intermediate Intermediate SSC SSC Failed SSC One One Three Three Three Three Two Three Months Three Months One Year One Year One Year One Year Six Months SSC. Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed Module Duration Qualification 9 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Accounting Package Computer Application Information Technology Hardware Technology Data Entry Multimedia, Graphic Animation Advanced Certificate Course in Computer Application Advanced Certificate Course in Information Technology ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY: Motor Driving Plastic Technology Auto Electrician Electrician Plumbing Welding Carpentry Building Construction Automobile Engg. Technology Air-Condition Refrigeration Radio TV Technician HOME SCIENCE COURSES: Apparel construction Tie Die, Block, Batik, Screen-printing Computer based fashion designing One One One Three Months Three Months Three Months SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed One Two Two Two Two Two Two Three Three Three Three Three Months Six Months Six Months Six Months. Six Months Six Months Six Months One Year One Year One Year One Year SSC Failed SSC failed SSC failed SSC failed SSC failed SSC failed SSC failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed One Two Two Two Two Two Three Three Months Six Months Six Months Six Months Six Months Six Months One Year Intermediate SSC failed SSC failed SSC failed SSC failed SSC failed SSC Failed 30 Three One Year SSC Failed IV. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 V. 42 43 44 10 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 VI. 56 57 Soft Toys Flower Making Beautician course Embroidery Zig – Zag Cookery Bakery confectionery Hotel Management Food Preservation Processing Fashion Designing Textile Designing Interior Designing HUMANITIES COURSES: Receptionist Tourism Management Three Three One Year One Year SSC SSC One One One One Two Three Three Three Three Three Three Months Three Months Three Months Three Months Six Months One Year One Year One Year One Year One Year One Year SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Failed SSC Preprimary Teacher Training Three 11 ANNEXURE II QUALIFICATIONS FOR TEACHING FACULTY- COURSE WISE. I. AGRICULTURE 1. Mushroom culture QUALIFICATION. B. Sc. (Agriculture), B. Sc. (Horticulture) with background of plant pathology/ any diploma in concerned course / Certificate Course. M. Sc. (Entomology) / B. Sc. [Agriculture] any diploma in concerned course / Certificate Course. B. V. sc. , /B. Sc (Dairying)/Diploma in concerned course 4. Sericulture Assistant M. Sc. [Sericulture] / M. Sc. [Zoology] / B. Sc. , with Entomology / Diploma in concerned course / Certificate Course. B. Sc [Horticulture]/ B. Sc [Agriculture]/ Diploma in concerned course / Certificate Course. M. Sc (Zoology) with Fisheries and Aquaculture Specialisation/B. FSc / B. Sc with Fisheries. B. Sc Horticulture/M. Sc Agriculture with Two Years experience, B. Sc Horticulture/ Diploma in concerned course /Certificate Course. 2. Bee-Keeping [Apiculture] 3. Veterinary Compounder 5. Farm Assistant 6. Fisheries Assistant 7. Gardener Training Course 12 II. BUSINESS COMMERCE QUALIFICATION M. Com / B. Com. M. Com / B. Com. , with Specialisation in Income Tax M. Com / B. Com. , with P. G. Diploma in Marketing / Salesmanship. Graduation with Type Higher/ Intermediate Office Assistantship Vocational Course. Graduation with Shorthand 8. Accountancy 9. Taxation 10. Salesmanship 11. Typewriting 12. Shorthand III. COMPUTER SCIENCE COURSES 13. Web Designing and Internet QUALIFICATION BCA/MCA/B. Tech/M. Sc Computer Science Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject BCA/MCA/B. Tech/M. Sc Computer Science Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject M. CA/BCA/M. Sc/B. TEC/M. Sc Home Science Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject M. CA/BCA/M. Sc Computer Science/ B. TEC/ Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject BCA/MCA/M. Sc computer Science/ B. Tech. Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject 14. Computer Maintenance 15. M. S. Office 16. Unix C and C++ 17. VB and Oracle 13 18. VB and ASP BCA/MCA/M. Sc computer Science/ B. Tech. Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject BCA/MCA/M. Sc computer Science/ B. Tech. Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject BCA/MCA/M. Sc computer Science/ B. Tech. Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject BCA/MCA/M. Sc computer Science/ B. Tech. Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject BCA/MCA/M. Sc computer Science/ B. Tech. Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject BCA/MCA/M. Sc computer Science/ B. Tech. Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject BCA/MCA/M. Sc computer Science/ B. Tech. Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject BCA/MCA/M. Sc computer Science/ B. Tech. Any Advanced diploma in concerned subject BCA/MCA/M. Sc computer Science/ B. Tech. BCA/MCA/M. Sc computer Science / B. Tech. 19. Oracle with DBA 20. Oracle with D2K 21. DTP 22. Auto CAD 23. Accounting package 24. Computer Application 25. Information Technology 26. Hardware Technology 27. Data Entry 14 28. Multimedia Graphic Animation BCA/MCA/M. Sc Computer Science / B. Tech. 29. Advanced Certificate Course in Computer Application Advanced CertficateCourse in Information Technology M. CA/BCA/M. Sc computer Science/B. Tech/AMIE in CS/BOL C level of DOEA Examation/any advanced diploma in concerned subject. IV. ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 31. Motor Driving QUALIFICATION. Diploma in Automobile Engineering, ITI Certificate in motor driving with 3 years experience. Diploma in Mechanical Engineering/ any Certificate in Plastic Technology with 3 years experience in the concerned course. Diploma in Automobile Engineering/ITI Certificate in Auto Electrician Trade with 2 years experience. Diploma in Electrical Engineering/ITI Certificate in Electrician Trade. Diploma in Civil Engineering/ITI Certificate in plumbing with experience. Diploma in Mechanical Engineering/ITI Certificate in welding with 2 years experience. Diploma in Mechanical Engineering/ITI Certificate in carpentry with 3 years experience. 32. Plastic Technology 33. Auto Electrician 34. 35. 36. Electrician Plumbing Welding 37. Carpentry 15 38. Building Construction B. E (Civil)/Diploma in civil Eng. /ITI certificate in the field of Civil Engg. Work/An experienced (10 Years) Mason with experience in Civil Constructions Work. B. E (Mechanical)/ Diploma in Automobile EngITI certificate in the field of Automobile Engg. Work/A 2 Wheeler/ 4 Wheeler Mechanic with 5 years experience. B. E (Mechanical) /Diploma in Mechanical Engg. / A Mechanic in Refrigeration and Air conditioning field with 5 Years experience. B. E (Electronics)/ Diploma in Electronics and Communication/A Radio and TV Mechanic with 5 years experience. QUALIFICATION Any related certificate holders from Setwin/ Women welfare department/ Janasikshana Samsthan/ Intermediate (Voc) with Commercial Garment Design Making. B. Sc. , (Home Science) Textiles and Clothing/ Any related certificate holders from Setwin / Women welfare department/ Janasikshana Samsthan / Vocational lecturer of the concerned subjects. Any D. C. A with degree/ B. C. A / Intermediate (Voc) with Fashion Garment Making Any related certificate holders from Setwin/ Women welfare department/ Janasikshana Samsthan. 39. Automobile Engineering Technology 40. Air-condition Refrigeration 41. Radio TV Technician V. HOME SCEINCE COURSE 42. Apparel constructions 43. Tie Die Block, Batik screen-printing 44. Computer based fashion designing 16 45. Soft toys Flower making. Related certificate holders from Setwin/ Women welfare departments/ Jana Sikshana Samsthan/ Intermediate (Voc) with Creche and Pre School Management course. Any graduate preferable Home Science / any graduate with Diploma certificate in Beauty culture. B. Sc. (Home Science)/Graduate of Hotel Management course/ Senior Cook of reputed hotels Related certificate holders from Setwin/ Women welfare departments/ Jana Sikshana Samsthan. 46. Beautician Course 47. Cookery 48. Bakery and Confectionery B. Sc. with Bakery as one of the subject/ Certificate in Catering Technology/ Diploma in Bakery and Confectionery Related certificate holders from Setwin/ Women welfare departments/ Jana Sikshana Samsthan. 49. Embroidery Zig – Zag B. Sc. [H. Sc] with Diploma in Embroidery / Diploma in Fashion Design or Inter Vocational CGDM Fashion Garment Making with Diploma in Embroidery Fashion Design, Related certificate holders from Setwin/ Women welfare departments/ Jana Sikshana Samsthan. B. Sc (Home Science) in Home Management/ Diploma in House keeping/ two years experience in house keeping in any Institution. B. Sc Home Science in Nutrition/ Diploma in Dietics Nutrition . B. Sc Home Science / Degree with P. G. Diploma, Inter Vocational CGDM Fashion Garment Making. 50. Diploma in Hotel Management 51. Food Preservation Processing 52. Fashion Designing 17 53. Textile Designing B. Sc in textile and clothing /Diploma in Textile Designing with knowledge of computer, Related certificate holders from Setwin/ Women welfare departments/ Jana Sikshana Samsthan. B. Sc in resource Management Consumer Science/Family Resource Management/B. Arch (Interior Design)/ P. G (Interior Design) B. Sc (Interior Design), Related certificate holders from Setwin/ Women welfare departments/ Jana Sikshana Samsthan. B. Sc with child development Family relations/ B. Ed. Candidates / P. G diploma in Early child hood care Education, Intermediate (Voc) with Creche and Pre School Management course. 54. Interior Designing 55. Preprimary Teacher Training VI. 56. 57. HUMANITIES COURSES: Tourism Management Receptionist QUALIFICATION PG in Tourism / PG in Social Science with PG Diploma in Tourism and Travel Any degree with Front Office or Diploma in Hotel Management Or Degree in Hotel Management.

Girlfight and Pumping Iron II :: Film Movies

Girlfight and Pumping Iron II Our society tends to define masculinity and femininity according to rigid gender norms that are learned at young ages. These norms are apparent in language, perceptions, behaviors and pastimes. Since sport is considered a great American pastime, it is a popular realm for the separation of the sexes and the creation of socially defined proper roles for women and men. Sports like bodybuilding and boxing have come to be viewed as masculine because they involve conventionally masculine traits such as strength and aggression. In contrast, sports such as gymnastics and ice-skating have come to be viewed as feminine because they involve conventionally feminine traits such as charm and grace. Thru documenting the lives of female athletes competing in non-traditional sports for their sex, the movies Girlfight and Pumping Iron II reveal certain social and cultural costs and benefits of gender norm defiance. Girlfight portrays the sport of boxing as the savior for a confused, misunderstood and quite angry teenager who is spiraling down a path of self-destruction. Diana Guzman, the protagonist of the movie, finds discipline, self-respect, balance and love in the most unexpected of places- the boxing ring. By competing, and eventually succeeding in a sport that is not generally a welcome endeavor for females, Diana is able to transcend the bitter world outside the boxing ring and feel senses of acceptance, empowerment, pride, confidence, self-fulfillment and accomplishment. Her unconventional success is a form of communication. She shows young women and men everywhere that it is okay to hit or throw, "like a girl", and that beauty can come in many different forms. The same is true for Rachel McLish, Carla Dunlap, Lori Bowen and Bev Francis, the bodybuilders in Pumping Iron II. Their small victories in the gym and on the stage become larger victories in the fight for gender equality. Their biceps bulge out of their bikinis and cry, "We can do it too!" Diana, Rachel, Carla, Lori and Bev serve as strong and powerful feminist role models who believe in themselves and their bodies, defy patriarchy and create rights of passages. However, these females' roads to success are not paved with gold. Diana runs into many macho traditionalists who believe that equality is "crap" and that her energies should be spent elsewhere. Her trainer initially doubts and underestimates her, telling her that, "It is not right. It's dangerous.

An Analysis of Organisational Culture Essay

1 Background of Southwest Airlines Southwest Airlines is a major American airline and pioneer in low-fare air transportation in the world, based in Dallas, Texas. Southwest Airlines is known for its low prices and no-frills service. Based on the U.S. Department of Transportation’s most recent data, Southwest is the nation’s largest carrier in terms of boarding domestic passengers. (Southwest Airlines, 2014) Southwest Airlines was founded in 1967 by Rolling King and Herb Kelleher. It started its operation in 1971 covering intrastate Texas cities, Dallas, Houston and San Antonio. Originally, the airline was only serving Texan cities but few years later, the company has progressively enlarged its service to other American states. Southwest Airlines was able to differentiate themselves from their competitors by offering the lowest prices. At first, many practices of Southwest Airlines had been see as irregular and had been disdain by other airlines. However, it’s Low-cost  strategy has won a great victory in the US especially, when the airline industry suffered difficulties after the terrorist attack. In 2011, the acquisition of Air Tran Airways allowed Southwest Airlines to serve international destinations in five near-international countries. According to the Southwest Airlines’ official report, the airline has nearly 46,000 employees and operates more than 3,400 flights per day. Southwest Airlines has acquired many awards, such as it had been ranked as 18th on the World’s Most Respected Companies by Financial Times (2011) and was given the title; the world’s most admired companies for 20 consecutive years in Fortune’s 2014 list. 2 Induction of The Practice In the United States, Southwest Airlines has been the most successful airline in its industry. This success is largely due to its effective human resource practices, most of which fall under the rubric of employee. A study by Miles, S,J. & Mangold, W,G. (2005), demonstrate an interview with Colleen Barrett, President and Chief Operating Officer of Southwest Airlines that she credited Southwest’s success to its employees. On the hand, In 2008, a large number of companies cut jobs in order to face Global Financial Crisis. However, Dickler, J. (2008) reported that Southwest Airlines is committed to avoiding layoffs at all costs during the recession and employees in the company have never felt that their job is in jeopardy due to the economy. Research by Glassdoor blog (2010) indicated that Southwest Airlines is the best company to work for. Clearly, Southwest Airlines focuses its attention on its employees. Kotter researched the corporate culture and performance (2012) and come to the conclusion that organizational culture has the ability to improve organizational performance and employee job satisfaction. Southwest Airlines demonstrated a perfect performance in terms of corporate culture. Over the years, the company has imposed a strong corporate culture that made the company even stronger. I will apply Schein’s framework to approach practice of Southwest Airlines that the company centers around the relation privileged with its employees and the employee focused culture lead to Southwest Airlines successful. By adapting the Schein framework, we can  approach understanding of the organizational culture of Southwest Airlines. 3 Justification of Framework There are many reasons using Schein’s framework to analyze organizational culture. First, He divided culture into three levels, namely artifacts, values and basic assumptions. These levels are used as a basis for assessing any organizational culture.( Comer, M., n.d.) Therefore the framework can be used to analyze dimensions of organizational culture influence employees in Southwest airline. Second, it is a popular viewpoint be used in many literatures on organization culture. (Sun, S.,2008) Third, Alvesson & Berg, (1992) indicate that the framework having received less criticism. Moreover, Kong, S. H. (2000) and Miles, S,J., Mangold, W,G. (2005) also indicated Schein’s three levels model has capability to combine a number of perspectives in cultural studies. Additional, An onion diagram of organizational culture that developed by Hofstede et al. (1997) is based on Schein’s model. Hofstede divided culture in to four layers that include symbols, heroes, rituals and values. The similarities between both models are focused on the physical assumptions that shape the ideology of culture and lead to the norms and values. However, the model of Schein encompasses more aspects than the model of Hofstede. On the other hand, there are some critiques of Schein model form scholars viewpoints. First, Hatch, M. J. (1993). indicates that Schein’s model is lack of the dynamic role of assumptions and beliefs in creating and changing organizational culture. Second, Tuan, L,T. and Venkatesh, S. (2010) proposed the model developed by martins extend more on the interaction between the organizational sub-systems, the two survival functions, namely the external environment and the internal systems, and the culture dimensions. 4 Explanation of Framework Schein (2004) defined organizational culture as a â€Å"dynamic phenomenon that surrounds us at all times, being constantly enacted and created by our interactions with others and shaped by leadership behavior, and a set of  structures, routines, rules, and norms that guide and constrain behavior†. To fully understand the meaning of culture, he defined organizational culture consists with three levels as represented in Figure. 1 First level of Schein’s model is the most visible indicator of culture that consists of artefacts and creations. Artefacts represent the physical construct of the organization and its social environment and provide a superficial glimpse of an organization’s culture because the true significance or meaning that lies behind their use can be difficult to decipher and interpret.( Pierce J, G. 2004) The surface of a culture can be easily observed from Physical layout of the building, Communication methods, Dress code, social interplay and informal structure. According to Brown, G (2014) Organizational artifacts and creations be split into six characteristics : Norms are the assumptions made by employees following historical evidence as to the normal ways of achieving things in the organization. Language is the way managers speak a business term to subordinates and vice versa is a clear indicator of culture. ( Brown, G. 2014) Symbols used as the way of communicating that associated with culture. Rites demonstrated by the collective interpersonal behavior and values constitute formal or informal culture structures. Myths and stories are narrative based on events that shared among employees and used as a method of communicating core values. Taboos are the indicators of what should not be done in the organization. Those institutionalized artefacts serves as a guide to channel behaviours toward desired behavious that vest fit the value of organizational culture. Figure 1. Model of culture indicating different levels of culture Second level of Schein’s model examines the values and beliefs of the organization. Values provide organizational members with a sense of the moral and ethical codes which shape an organization. Such values and beliefs include trust, effort, basis of reward and honesty; these must be followed through to growth a culture. Schein believed that organizational values are not as apparent as organizational artifacts. However, he states that they do exist at a greater level of awareness than â€Å"basic underlying assumptions,†Ã‚  which he identifies as his third level of cultural manifestation. ( Pierce J, G., 2004) The latest is the most important since as Schein puts it â€Å"Human minds needs cognitive stability and any challenge of a basic assumption will release anxiety and defensiveness†. The third and core level of organizational cultural performance is basic assumptions. These basic assumptions especially from the continuous use of a problem solution that are often so fundamental and repeatedly been successful in the past and has unconsciously been taken for granted. Typical basic assumptions include: the basis on which individuals are respected, the basis of the firms’ ability to compete, the use of involvement and participation and How and whom makes decisions. (Brown, G. 2014) According to Comer, M. ( n.d.), the best way to identify underlying assumptions is through a process meeting where artifacts are listed, values discussed and underlying assumptions are reviewed. Schein’s three levels of the manifestation of organizational culture can be depicted as an iceberg as presented in figure 2, with the most visible level at the top which is artefacts. In the iceberg metaphor, organizational values, are closer to the surface and provide a more accurate assessment of the organization’s culture. However, the true scope of the culture still remains hidden beneath the surface. (Pierce, J, G., 2004) the basic assumptions of an organization’s culture lies beneath the surface and is very difficult to recognized. Figure 2. Iceberg Conceptual Model of Schein’s Three Levels of the Manifestation of Organizational Culture. 5 An Analysis of The Practice In the level of artefacts and creations, these visible indicators cab be observed by employee in the southwest airline and outsiders. The mission of Southwest Airlines is dedicated to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit. (Southwest, 2015) The culture at Southwest Airlines is visible in many ways. Norms are informal ground rules that provide guidelines concerning appropriate and inappropriate behavior in a group. (Calvary, W. 2014) In Southwest Airlines, fun and celebrating are the norm. Southwest Airlines has creating their own language, such as â€Å" passengers are Customers, and love is LUV†. This unusual language style also provides leaders at Southwest Airlines with many opportunities to spread and connect Southwest’s corporate culture together. ( Lauer, C. 2010) Symbols communicate the culture through unspoken messages and mental images held by employees. Logo of Southwest Airlines with a heart, it shows Southwest Airlines’ spirit with love and employees work with fun and humors. Southwest Airlines has had several slogans that have indicated company’s value and caught the attention of customers and employee, such as â€Å"Just Plane Smart† (Southwest Airlines, 1992). This slogan somewhat promotes a sense of humor that Southwest Airlines have always had that approach in an informal way (Organizational Dynamics, 1992). Southwest Airlines created many rites to do with employees. Once employees are hired, they are immediately given a celebration greeting into the company (Tyler, 1998). Through the rite in the Southwest Airlines, it shows the warmth and friendly culture in the company. There are many stories had been share in the Southwest Airlines, such as successful events and failure experiences from employees. Southwest Airlines called the story as LUV Story that enhances the customers’ experience, and that helps employees understand how they should behave in a particular situation The middle level value and beliefs, values are the foundation for an organization’s mission, vision, and defined by different beliefs of the company. The clearer an organization’s shared perceptions and values are defined, the stronger people can associate with its mission and feel a vital  part of it.( Racelis, A ,D., 2009) The core values in the Southwest Airlines are fun loving and spirited. First, Southwest Airlines focus on the situations, issues, or behavior, not on the person. People in the company should find a solution instead of judging others. Second, maintain the self confidence and self-esteem of others. Southwest Airlines offer employees not only the internal training programs, but also provide employees with external training whenever they want to advance their careers. Additional, Southwest Airlines also uses an employee recognition program to reinforce employees, such as President’s Award, Winning Spirit Award and Star of the Month. According to the Southwest report, the company will hold an event called Heroes of the Heart every year on Valentine’s Day. The event takes place at Headquarters in Dallas, where employees with good performance will be awarded by president Colleen Barrett. ( West, R. 2014) People enjoy in it and part of the fun in the party is the surprise when the winning team is announced. The winning Team holds one of the highest honors at Southwest Airlines. Therefore, Southwest Airlines won the hearts and minds of their employees. Deal, T. E., & Key, M. K. (1998) note that Southwest Airlines is a model company in providing both frequent spontaneous praise (acknowledgment) on current behaviors as well as having formal recognition programs which reward past behaviors. Third, to maintain positive relationships with employees, colleagues and managers, Southwest Airlines focuses on a team environment that enables employees embrace their connections with one another. Southwest Airlines has always placed little emphasis on formal organizational company structure, that employees are given authority to make decisions and Supervisors view their subordinates as internal customers who deserve help in doing their jobs better. (Gittell, J. H. 2004) Fourth, fun and love attitude. Southwest Airlines create an environment that combines humor with responsibility. Southwest Airlines places the highest importance in its selection process on employee that hire for attitude that based on their social skills. Employees can use any talents they have in order to entertain the customers as long as  they make them happy. There are many popular videos about the funny safety speech made by Southwest flight attendant that consists of rapping or singing when they present the safety rules such as Hilarious Southwest Airline Safety Presentation that is recently the most popular video on the internet. A relaxed atmosphere at work makes Southwest Airlines’ employees happy and this also keeps customers coming back because they like this style. It shows that having fun in the working environment is an essential value of the company. Fourth, Southwest Airlines holds variety events in many fun loving ways to implicate their value. In 2011, the celebration of 40th Anniversary Southwest Airlines held 40th Anniversary parties at three cities—Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio (Southwest Airlines, 2014). Every year Southwest Airlines hosts a huge Halloween party at its Dallas headquarters (West, R. 2014). The events convey beliefs of the fun and loving culture and made it become a tradition at Southwest Airlines. At the deepest level, basic assumptions are below our awareness. The assumptions that shape the organizational culture can be exposed by observing how employees interact and the decisions they make. Southwest Airlines is noted for operating according to basic assumptions that value employees’ welfare and providing high-quality services. (Qwabe, N. P., n.d.) Southwest Airlines implicates no layoff policy. According to Southwest Airlines’ report (2010), Southwest Airlines offers Employees the freedom to pursue good health, create financial security, travel. Southwest Airlines also has a long tradition of bridging the work divide by seeking to accommodate the needs of families through flexible scheduling and ensuring that managers do not devote too much time to the job at the expense of their families. (Gittell, J. H. 2004) These values and beliefs informs employees of exactly what is expected of them and help them understand the organization. 6 Conclusions Organizational cultures can have multiple impacts on employee performance. Normally, employees work harder to achieve organizational missions if they  immerse themselves in the organizational culture. First, the case of Southwest airlines shows that the company puts its employees in priority that they implement a no layoff policy. Employees feel secure in their job, and enjoy a high level of compensation. In addition, Southwest Airlines sees employees as the greatest assets of the company. Second, Southwest Airlines creates an happiness environment and operate with the concept, love (LUV). Southwest Airlines encourages employees to work with humor and responsibility, that happy working atmosphere not only greatly improve the efficiency of their work but also get recognized by customers. Third, team work is crucial in the company, Southwest treat employees as family member instead of worker. Southwest creates the maximum welfare to employees and returned loyalty from employees. The effect of organizational culture relates to its strength. Organizational culture strength based on how broadly and deeply employees hold the company’s values and basic assumptions. In a strong organizational culture, most employees embrace all beliefs and values that through well-established creations and artefacts, as a result of that those values are difficult to change. Furthermore, strong cultures tend to be long-lasting. (Ojo,O. 2009) According to Sun, shili (2008), a strong culture (one in which beliefs and values are widely shared and strongly held) can also offer many advantages. Southwest creates a strong organizational culture that majority of the people hold the same basic beliefs and values as applies to the organization. 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