Groundwater Pollution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1026 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Water Pollutions Essay Did you like this example? Groundwater Pollution Despite being one of the most prominent issues in our world, water pollution is commonly overlooked in our society, particularly groundwater pollution. Even environmental activists can have very little knowledge on how impactful this problem really is, but the fact remains that groundwater pollution is a terrifying reality lurking just beneath our feet. By ignoring this issue, multiple societies hace allowed themselves to pump the pure groundwater full of nitrates and other harmful chemicals. Payal Sampat, a senior researcher at World Watch Institute, puts it best by saying: Numerous studies have tracked the extent to which our increasing demand on water has made it a resource critical to a degree that even gold and oil have never been. Its the most valuable thing on Earth. Yet, ironically, its the thing most consistently overlooked, and most widely used as a final resting place for our waste. And, of course, as contamination spreads, the supplies of usable water get tighter still (Payal). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Groundwater Pollution" essay for you Create order The biggest questions people have when approaching the topic of groundwater pollution are Why does this matter? and Is it really that bad? These questions can be best answered by the Weldon Springs incident from 1980s. In the 1940s, soldiers would clean off nitrates from TNT in the fields of Weldon. Years later in the 1980s, it was found that nitrates were bubbling up in springs branching out miles away from the site, and was relatively undrinkable due to this. After knowing of this incident and the many others like it, it becomes much easier for people to accept that groundwater pollution is something that should be researched properly. In order to properly delve into the topic, it must first be discussed exactly where the groundwater contaminates come from and how they affect the environment. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the top contaminate in groundwater pollution is sewage. It is easy for people to pass over this factor because it is out of our sight. However, sewage systems often are cracked and allow harmful pollutants to mix with the clean groundwater. Jim Davis, a contaminants taxologist who does research for MarineBio, has looked into this topic. He found that a good portion of sanitation plants do not put the water through a filter thorough enough to remove all of the waste and chemicals before it reaches the environment. Davis quotes, According to the EPA, 40 percent of all waterways in the US do not meet national water quality standards, due in large part, to leaking sewer systems (Davis). Another one of the biggest contributors are nitrates. This is because nitrates are elements in many other harmful pollutants such as pesticides and fertilizers. In addition to this, home purification systems do not work to filter out nitrates, and even boiling the water increases their affect. The EPA marks it mostly harmless so long as it is 10mg/L in drinking water, but higher rates have been known to harm infants under six months. Some interesting research comes from S.M. Rhinds academic journal Effects of environmental pollutants on the reproduction and welfare of ruminants. In this journal, Rhind looks into the health risks that come from groundwater pollution. Nitrates that find their way into the earth from pesticides, sewage leaks, and toxic metals, have often been speculated to affect the reproduction system in animals. Rhind proved this theory somewhat true with his experiments on ruminants, or sheep. The nitrates attack the endocrine system, which does play a part in repro duction. However, his experiment also included sewer sludge in the diet of the sheep, and Rhind stresses the need for further, more detailed experiments in the future. He quotes, In these studies, the concentrations of chemicals to which animals were exposed, and the specific mixture of chemicals involved, were not comprehensively defined because this would have been logistically impossible (Rhind). Toxic metals such a lead and barium also play a large role in groundwater pollution. Many of these metals are natural, and in fact healthy to drink, but others can provide serious health risks. Paul Tchnounwou, a researcher for the National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI, gives just a few examples of the effects of extended exposure to these toxic metals when he quotes, These metals are systemic toxicants known to induce adverse health effects in humans, including cardiovascular diseases, developmental abnormalities, neurologic and neurobehavioral disorders, diabetes, hearing loss, hematologic and immunologic disorders, and various types of cancer (Tchounwou). Unlike nitrates, toxic metals can be filtered out of water, but it can be expensive and often more beneficial to connect to another source of water. Among these pollutants lies another man-made threat to the quality of groundwater, the depletion of natural aquifers. Aquifers are deposits underground where large bodies of groundwater are stored. With the growing population of humans, society has recently begun to well up this underground water as opposed to only drinking surface water. However, this habit has made groundwater pollution even more prominent in our society. Payal quotes, Unlike rivers, which flush themselves into the oceans, aquifers become sinks for pollutants, decade after decade-thus further diminishing the amount of clean water they can yield for human use (Sampat). After depleting an aquifer in Ludhiana, India, the groundwater became so polluted that the well water was undrinkable. It can take an estimated 1,400 years before it may return to normal. A final question to be asked is How do we fix this issue? It seems as though the first place to start is in the sewage systems and septic tanks. The government funding for these things is severely under what it should be, and in turn results in faulty systems that allow waste to slip through the cracks into what was once drinkable water. The next step would be to stop depleting the natural aquifers for drinking water. Finally, taking the time to test the water supply once a month can be a clear indicator of when the drinking water is unhealthy and in need of treatment. By focusing on slowing down the heavy impact humans have on groundwater pollution, we may be able to make the world a better, healthier place to live.

Income Inequality Between Men and Women - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1864 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Finance Essay Level High school Topics: Income Inequality Essay Did you like this example? On April 10, 2018, women celebrated Equal Pay Day, which is really nothing to celebrate. Equal Pay Day is the annual day that marks when finally the average womans income has caught up to a mans income. Sadly, it took an additional three months and ten days for women to finally earn what men earned in 2017. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Income Inequality Between Men and Women" essay for you Create order Women have been set aside from men since day one, and are still trying to catch up. It is usually assumed that women are the ones to do more of the household work and child care, which is one reason why women earn less money in the first place. Back in the 1920s when women were just beginning to enter the workforce, they were automatically paid less than men. In the 1930s women were required to be paid 25% less than men. Women were paid less than men because of what they were known for previously, which is to take care of the house and the children. Women continue to be paid less than men in their chosen profession, simply because of their gender, where they live, or because of events such as maternity leave. This leads to detrimental effects on the livelihood of women and shows the need to eliminate the gender wage gap. In almost every occupation, men get paid more than women, which lead many people to believe that the reason men make more than women is only because of their gender. But in nearly all jobs, average earnings for women are lower than that of men (Hegewisch). It does not seem to matter if the occupation is mostly consisted of men, women, or even an equal amount of both men and women; men still make more money. Even in the most common female occupations such as nurses, elementary school teachers, and administrative assistants, mens median earnings are more than $500 per week than womens (Hegewisch). That $500 difference has a huge impact on women, resulting in them losing thousands of dollars every year. These thousands of dollars could be used in other areas of womens lives, but instead, it is just cut off. Across almost all professions, women earn only 78 cents per dollar as compared to men. This translates into a loss of $10,000 per year, which could pay for 14 more months of child care, 74 more weeks of groceries, and an additional 10 months of rent for the average woman (Jones). Stereotypes for specific jobs clearly play a role. A contributing factor to income inequality is the choice that women make regarding the profession they take interest in. By way of example, it is more likely for men to seek out top jobs in business and or government, resulting in men earning more money. Among physicians, for example, women are more likely than men to choose lower-paid specialties (though this does not explain all of the pay gap among doctors) (MAP). Women, starting as early as high school, need to be encouraged to pursue degrees and professions that are stereotypically male professions. Doing this will help close the gender wage gap and eliminate the stereotypical aspect of different professions, because if women start to join more male dominated professions, more and more women will be encouraged to join them, resulting in employers requiring to equal the incomes between men and women. Another obvious example of the gender pay gap is one of the most popular entertainment sources in the world sports. Men significantly get more money and attention than women. In sports, more likely than not, people like to watch men play more than women. This leads to men getting paid much more money. One of the biggest improvements in the sports world was the passing of Title IX. Title IX is a federal law that states: No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance'(NCAA). Title IX led to colleges being required to give out scholarships to women athletes, further expanding womens professional sports after college. Before Title IX was passed in 1972, there were no athletic scholarships available to women, and no championship games were held for womens sports. Title IX was intended to enforce equal ac cess to womens athletics. But even with these advancements, there is still a huge difference between men and women athletes salaries. The only way to narrow this gap is for sponsors (such as Nike, Gatorade, etc.) and media networks to promote womens sports the same as men, and for the owners of sports teams to pay female athletes more. This will encourage the decrease of the gender wage gap because if the womens professional sports gets more attention, more people will want to watch it and find it more interesting, resulting in the athletes being paid a significantly larger amount than before. Maternity leave is known to be one of the largest causes of the gender pay gap because women lose a significant amount of money from going on maternity leave and often never catch up. When men and women complete school and start working, they are paid almost the same amount of money. But that is before the gender pay gap appears, which significantly increases over their working years. Maternity leave usually occurs when women are in their late 20s and mid-30s. The main issue is that so many women have children, so it has a large effect on many jobs and incomes as, unlike women who are married and have children, unmarried women without children continue on the path to earn almost as much as men, but still lag behind. A stereotype exists that when women return to work after maternity leave, they will put forth less of an effort and will be less focused on advancing their position in the workplace. The research shows that this stereotype leads the employers to think that they need to pa y them less because they think the women will act exactly like their stereotypes; less dedicated, less competent, and less efficient (Hardwick). Many companies in the United States have paid maternity leaves, but not all. However, when women take maternity leave (if their employer does not offer paid leave), they are not only missing out on their income, but they also can miss out on big opportunities, like a promotion. This puts women at a severe disadvantage because they could have had the opportunity to earn more money through a promotion, but they were not able to because of their absence at work. Maternity leave may not seem like it puts women at a major disadvantage, but it does because it lasts much longer than the typical 12 weeks that companies offer. A further detrimental effect of the gender wage gap is the impact it has on the womans family. When a woman has to leave her job for a reason such as maternity leave, she may not get paid. This could mean that the family does not receive any source of income, and when the woman returns to work, she is behind on being eligible for a raise, bonus or promotion. In some states, the gender pay gap is larger than others. The best place for women to work, where the gender pay gap is the lowest, is in Washington D.C. Female workers earn 89.5 cents per every dollar male workers earn. The state that has the biggest gender pay gap is Louisiana, where women earn only 65.5 cents per every dollar a man makes. Other favorable states are New York (86.6 cents) and Florida (84.9 cents) (MAP). Studies do not provide any clear explanations for why different states have different gender pay gaps; however, one explanation could be that major metropolitan cities such as Los Angeles, New York City, and Miami force employers to pay women closer incomes to men to attract and retain good, diverse talent. The varying salaries between states are troubling to those women who work in the states that have a large gender pay gap because they may not earn enough money to have the option of moving to another state. Gender discrimination also plays a large role in many different areas in the workplace, including income. When women are discriminated against by being paid less, this will negatively impact their motivation, productivity and work ethic. Some other significant results of discrimination in the workplace are being denied a promotion, or even a job itself. These types of discrimination against women constantly deepen the divide between men and women, and women have been trying so hard to eliminate that line for a very long time. About eight in ten women (78%) who say they have encountered gender bias at work say a major reason for the difference in pay is that employers treat women differently than men (Chapter 4). For example, people believe that women are paid less than men is because of the myth that women do not negotiate well. The stereotype for women is to just be polite and agree on everything. This stereotype affects how women negotiate and managers hire (Hardwick), which should never be the case. This puts women at a disadvantage because they are afraid to ask for a larger income. Women feel as if they were to try and argue for a larger income, they would be turned down, which is why most women just accept the offer the employers give, resulting in them receiving a lower income than men. In a very telling experiment, a woman was asked to negotiate a salary for herself, and a friend. When she was negotiating for her friend, she asked for the same pay as men. But when she negotiated for herself, she asked for a significant amount less. (Hardwick) This demonstrates that women need to advocate for themselves as strongly as they do for others. Like the passage of Title IX, another attempt is being made to eliminate the gender pay gap. Although it has not been passed into law, the proposed Paycheck Fairness Act would require employers to offer equal pay for equal work. The bill would further punish employers if they are unable to justify why they pay women less than men. Also, the law would offer programs to train women to improve their negotiation skills. Each of these are important components of the Paycheck Fairness Act, but until it is passed, income inequality between men and women will continue on into the foreseeable future. To have a chance at closing the gender pay gap, significant changes must be made by society as a whole. As to maternity leave, sadly, only women can bear children, so it immediately makes it unfair that women have no choice but to lose income and miss out on potential promotions at work. Employers need to make efforts into not holding maternity leave against women in pay and advancement. And laws such as Title IX and the Paycheck Fairness Act (if enacted) force colleges and employers to treat and pay women equally. Additionally, colleges can encourage women to pursue higher paying professions. Hopefully over time, these efforts will be taken into action and women will finally earn as much as men.

The White House Anger And Injustice - 898 Words

Chanque Peart Intro to Literature Analysis Poetry Explication Haytock The White House: Anger and Injustice Claude McKay’s â€Å"The White House† is the author’s way of speaking out against the blatant disregard and denial of his rights as an African American during the period of the Harlem renaissance. McKay demonstrates the importance of not letting your decisions be led by irrational anger because of social injustice, only then will those who chose to deny you, be free from their own ignorance. He utilizes the basic form of a sonnet, fourteen lines with his use of impeccable rhyme scheme. Some poets are known to alter the rhyme scheme to help better relay their overall theme, but McKay decides against it. He presents his poem in a perfect rhyme pattern which also relates to his very straight forward use of a normal metrical pattern which happens to be iambic pentameter in this particular poem. His great use of the basics makes his underlying theme extremely clear, making this easily accessible to and wide variety of audiences. The first two lines â€Å"Your door is shut against my tightened face, and I am sharp as steel with discontent;† (line 1-2) depict McKay’s beginning frustration with the way it had become for African American people. â€Å"The door† that is being closed signifies the lack of opportunities that are given to him because of his race and who he represents in predominately white society. He uses simile â€Å"as sharp as steel with discontent† to emphasize how displeased heShow MoreRelatedRichard Nathaniel Wright s Life1520 Words   |  7 Pagesracial discrimination between whites and blacks, as well as segregation amongst him and his own race. Once he grew older he became a man of many talents such as writing poems, novels, and even short stories. Mostly everything he wrote about was based off things he experienced as a child and teen growing up in Mississippi. His publishing’s gave a very pessimistic view towards racial relations. Wright explored ideas of poverty, insatiable hunger, and the injustice surrounding him. Helping setRead MoreRacism And The Effect Of Social Injustice1169 Words   |  5 Pagesracism and the effects of social injustice. To summarize the play it is about a black man whom is accused of forcing himself on a white girl and sexually assaulting her. A white attorney who does not measure people by he color of their skin or social economic status represents him. The characters represent the stereotypes of small town southern inhabitance, with the mind of pre-civil rights culture. My impression is we continue in this time period to have social injustice and racism, not to the degreeRead MoreEssay on Hatred in Notes of a Native Son1156 Words   |  5 Pages Hatred for white society was a common sentiment among the black community during the 1950s. 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Mediterranean Diet Other Lifestyle Changes- Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Mediterranean Diet And Other Lifestyle Changes? Answer: Introducation The current study discusses the impact of Mediterranean diet and other lifestyle changes in reducing the risk of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). The Statin drugs have been used in order to control or reduce the levels of cholesterol in the blood of an individual. However as argued by Dalen Devries (2014), debatable results have been obtained regarding the true effects of statin in controlling cholesterol level in the Accounting. Recent studies have also shown that presence of other associated factors such as Atherosclerosis and diabetes is independent of the blood cholesterol level. However, as commented by Salvad Lapetra (2017), the breakings down of red meat in Trimethyl Oxide (TMAO) have been seen to promote the development of defective cardiovascular conditions in humans. However, research and evidences has shown that a practically vegan diet has been seen to promote a positive and healthy functioning of the heart. The mental health practices are based upon risk an assessment and management for the prevention and control of diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on the life of an individual. In this respect, the methods are simply based upon the analysis and management of the risks, however, they to fail to measure the positive and negative consequences of such diseases. The Australian mental health system on the other hand is focussed upon provision of a holistic care regimen to the patients seeking care. This is done by providing them mental and emotional counselling, which is based upon self determination and self management principles. As argued by Mamelle et al.(2010),there are still a number of loopholes in the Australian care system. This is because diseases with profound effect on the life of an individual such as Schizophrenia and bipolar need constant management and supervision. However, no particular measure has been adopted by far which will be aimed at the improvement of the same. The article points at the use of statin as prescription drugs for the prevention and control of coronary heart disease. The current studies have shown statin to reduce the risk of heart disease by 30%. On the contrary, the Mediterranean diets have been shown to reduce the risk of statin related heart disease by 70%. Therefore, there have been disputes regrading which conventional mode of medication to be followed. As argued by World Health Organisation (2017), the uses of statin as medicinal drugs have often been found to result in a number of side effects. Some of these include increased risk of diabetes and related cognitive impairment. In my opinion, the sale of statin drugs across the globe signifies that there are still loopholes as the introduction of other similar options. However, i think that adapting to a positive lifestyle change can also bring in a positive effect and can act as a control measure. The global uses of statin have pointed out at the affectivity of the drug in lowering the blood cholesterol level along with reducing the cellular concentration of statin in the blood. However, as commented by Hughes et al. (2015), adapting to holistic care regimen and principles such as resorting to a vegan diet can help achieve the same outcomes without causing any adverse side effects. Therefore, in my opinion use of such an alternative option not only helps in increasing the longevity of a persons life. It also helps in reducing the risk of side effects brought about by constant use of statin. As commented by Kidd et al.(2015), Mediterranean diet have been seen to change gene expression and decrease inflammation through the promotion of healthy microbiota. Therefore, there is a need to bring about recommended changes in the suggested medication. This helps in prevention of the cardiovascular diseases as well as promotion of a holistic health care. References Dalen, J. E., Devries, S. (2014). Diets to prevent coronary heart disease 1957-2013: what have we learned?.The American journal of medicine,127(5), 364-369. Gutirrez-Bedmar, M., Martnez-Gonzlez, M. ., Muoz-Bravo, C., Ruiz-Canela, M., Mariscal, A., Salas-Salvad, J., ... Lapetra, J. (2017). Chromium Exposure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in High Cardiovascular Risk Subjects?Nested Case-Control Study in the Prevention With Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) Study?.Circulation Journal,81(8), 1183-1190. Hughes, P., Ahmed, N., Winslow, M., Walters, S. J., Collins, K., Noble, B. (2015). Consumer views on a new holistic screening tool for supportive and palliative?care needs: Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral for Care (SPARC): a survey of self?help support groups in health care.Health Expectations,18(4), 562-577. J (2013) Recovery capital: What enables a sustainable recovery from mental health difficulties? European Journal of Social Work 16: 360374 J (2013) Recovery capital: What enables a sustainable recovery from mental health difficulties? European Journal of Social Work 16: 360374 Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2015). The meaning of recovery in a regional mental health service: an action research study.Journal of advanced nursing,71(1), 181-192. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-1389 [PMID: 7968073] 2 de Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Guidollet J, Touboul P, Delaye J. Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acidrich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1994; 343: 1454-1459 [PMID: 7911176] 3 de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Boucher P, Mamelle N. Mediterranean dietary pattern in a randomized trial: prolonged survival and possible reduced cancer rate. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 1181-1187 [PMID: 9625397] Valls-Pedret, C., Sala-Vila, A., Serra-Mir, M., Corella, D., de la Torre, R., Martnez-Gonzlez, M. ., ... Estruch, R. (2015). Mediterranean diet and age-related cognitive decline: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA internal medicine,175(7), 1094-1103. World Health Organisation 2017, Seventieth Health Assembly update, 30 May 2017,Viewed 23 July 2017, Retrieved fromwww.who.int.com

The Effect of Cartelization Has Also Been Stated In This Report

Question: What Effect Of Cartelization Stated In This Report? Answer: Introduction In this report, the amalgamation and the merger of the hotel as stated in the case study will be critically evaluated to understand the risk and benefits of amalgamation. It can be stated here that the decision to amalgamate is to combat market pressure and can be viewed as a decision to form a cartel. This will help the firms in charging prices above the market prevailing rates. This decision by the firms has been taken to combat the increased bargaining power that the users of the services (Walker, 2016). Moreover, in this report the effectiveness of the different customer loyalty scheme that the company has adopted in order to increase market share and revenue have been critically evaluated. In this regard, the effect of the different programs on the market and the customers has also been evaluated. Information system and information technology have been distinguished in the project and its effect on the hotel market and loyalty programs have been discussed in the report. Stay Together Case Analysis The decision by the hotel chains to merge their business to combat pressure from the low priced hotel accommodation can be stated as a policy to form a cartel or create a monopoly kind of situation in the market. This will enable the hoteliers to charge a higher degree of price, this would be possible because, cartelization will allow them with certain degree of monopoly power therefore pricing power (Motta, 2004). Effect on the service providers The effect of this decision by the hotel chains will increase the profit, as they will be able to charge higher price for the same unit. This will also be possible because the other hotels in the group will also charge a similar price and the people will be forced to subscribe the services at the hotel advertised rates. In this case it can also be stated that this will also increase the producer surplus for the entire group reducing the consumer surplus (Waterson, 2004). This will be possible because they will provide the service after the formation of the carte at a rate, which is higher than earlier. In this regard, it can be further stated that if a single hotel chain cheats or violates the price determined by the group. The entire system is expected to fail and will have the potential to ruin the market by driving the organizations into a price war. The price war will be because in order to gain additional market share the organizations in the industry will offer discounts and re duce prices to compete with others. It will happen at one stage that there will be no profits to be drawn from the market and the firms will be forced to withdraw themselves (Abreu, Pearce Stacchett, 1986). Effect on service subscribers The effect of cartel formation on the customers and subscribers of services are always negative and is not desired for. This is because cartel formation prevents them from having any kinds of consumer surplus. This is because the companies and the organization in the cartels are facilitated with pricing power and therefore charge the maximum that the subscribers or the customers are willing to pay and the customers and the service users end up paying the prices that they demand having no other choice. Therefore, from a customer perspective a cartel is never desirable. It also reduces the reduces the consumer surplus which is a disincentive for them (Chamberlin, 2015). Critical analysis of the policies adopted by Stay Together In this regard, it can be stated that the managements decision of implementing the Stay Together Loyalty, rewarding customers with airport transfers, car parking on site and free nights is aimed toward increasing the demand of the services provided by the company. The benefits that the amalgamation of the company is aimed, towards increasing the sales of the company. In this regard, it can be further stated that the benefits that the group is providing is providing them with incentives. This will help in increasing the demand for the services that the company is providing. In this regard, it can be further stated that this will help in retaining the customers and increase the market share (Patino, Pitta Quinones, 2012). The customers of the company are be incentivized in the following way, if they stay for longer period of time, the customers they are provided with reward point which they can use for future stays. In this regard, it can be stated that this will increase the sales of the services for the company, in expectation of earning rewards the customers will further subscribe to the services of the group. The onsite car parking facilities, facilitates the customers by reliving them of the parking charges which otherwise, would had to be paid in excess of the hotel rents. This helps the customers in paying less and increase the value of the service provided by the company among them. More over it can be also stated that the airport transfer facilities also lessens the hassle of the customer travelling to and from the airport. This acts as an incentive, that is provided to the customers and increases the sales of the service. It can be further stated that this decision of the management is based on the principles of increasing the customer satisfaction in order to increase the sales of the services. Here it can be stated that customer satisfaction is either in increased by the quality of the service, or by providing amenities to them. In this regard it has been evident from the decision of the management that it is not only focusing solely on the qualitative factor of service but also b y increasing the amenities in order to promote demand or attract them (Colquitt, Lepine, Wesson, 2011). The management in this regard has decided that, If a kitchen and standard restaurant is on site, buffet breakfast and dinner is included in the hotel room price. This is to add to the dollar value earned per guest. Exclusive restaurants on site will charge extra. Here it can be stated that this will increases the quality of service. The intention of the management is clearly to increase the value of the service. Here it can be further stated this will provide the customers with food facilities. This will help in increasing the market share, as they will have to pay less on their travel expenses if the cost of food is included in the room rent. In addition it can be further stated that the company can advertise this in their tariff so that the customers can have an idea on what the amenities are. This will provide for a unique selling proposition for the company to its service users. The decision of facilitating a onsite exclusive restaurant will provide additional business and revenu e earning opportunity for the organization. It can be expected that there would be some boarders, who will be opting for this despite of the complementary services being provided to them. This is because they will be tempted towards the exclusive range of food that is being offered to them and these people do not mind paying extra for additional services (Xu, li, 2012). In this regard it can be further stated that this will ensure the amalgamation in earning additional revenue. This will also help in fulfilling their business objective and profit maximization. Here in this regard it can be further stated that the amalgamation can make ventures and contracts with the other airline companies. Where both will be benefited, they can make a pact that if a customer travels by a certain airline he or she will be applicable for certain rebate in the hotels. In this regard, it can stated that this will help in increasing the sales for both the companies, the company itself and the airline with which it makes the pact (Lorna Wang Bowie, 2009). The reason behind the increase in sales is because the passengers in hope of getting special discount in the hotel will fly in the stipulated airline. This will increase its sales, in this regard it can be further stated that this customer might not have chosen the particular air line had the discount not been provide, therefore this customer can be treated as addition customers for the company resulting in increasing the revenue of the airline firm from the pact. The same will be true in case of, stay to gather, in this case it can be stated that the flyers that otherwise would have chosen a different place of stay will choose stay together as their preferred staying option. This will be certainly because of the discount that Stay Together will provide. This will also help in increasing the sales of its services in every regard. This would prove to be beneficial for the company. If the company can further facilitate them with options, like providing them with opportunities of choosi ng credits, free nights, or meals. It can be stated that this will help in increasing the sales of the services further (Sanchez, Satir, 2005). It can be further stated here that flexibility in service also helps in increasing the demand. This is because; flexibility helps in catering and addressing the demand of a varied section of people. As it helps in catering to varied section of people, it enables in having a larger customer base for Stay Together. The management has taken a corporate social responsibility of providing 1% of the total billable to charity. This will help the society and the people requiring help and need in a better manner. In this case, it can be stated that this noble cause will also help in addressing customers with similar values. It can be further stated here that social causes and social statements help in increasing the market share of any company. This has been evident from various market researches. It can be stated here that companies apart from addressing social causes and requirement also declare of a corporate social responsibility to create a clear image in the minds of the people. This is an effective marketing policy as well. Customers in order to donate more or contribute to the social cause in an increased manner, purchase or spend more so that the bill increases. In this regard it becomes evident that this provides more revenue to the company as well as, help in addressing the social cause in a better way (Mauri, 2013). Information technology and Information System Information system and information technology help in increasing the market for the companies in the present context. In this regard it can be further stated that the use of information technology and information system will enable the amalgamation in better management of the 1000 hotel all across the globe. This is because information technology facilitates in faster transmission of information. This helps in adopting policies for the international phenomenon in an efficient and faster manner. In this regard it can be stated as well information technology helps in addressing clients from all across the globe (Kim, Cavusgil, Calantone, 2006). The customers can book form a distant place in advance without incurring any additional cost. In this regard, it can be further stated that this helps in further expanding the market (Buhalis, O'Connor, 2005). An effective information system enables the organization in storing the data and other requisite involved in the operation of the organiz ation in a better manner. This helps in analyzing the data in a better manner and user it in future to increase the business. In this regard it has been evident that the amalgamation of the companies needs to have a effective information technology and system in store for better performance (Romney Steinbart, 2012). Recommendation It can be recommended here that the amalgamation needs to formulate a efficient information system in order to organize itself in a better manner. In this regard it can be further stated that incorporation of appropriate information technology will help in addressing more customers and increase the revenue of the firm. It can also be recommended, here that the amalgamation can also make contract with other modes of transport, which will help in further increasing the business. Making contracts with the tourism departments and providing tourist facilities also help in increase the desirability of the chain and increase the revenue fort them which is the sole objective here (Wong Ooi Mei, Dean Whit, 1999). Conclusion In concluding the report, it has been evident that forming a chain and amalgamating with other organization, helps in decreasing the competition in the market and enables the organization in charging a price above the equilibrium rate. This is because the system provides them with a certain degree of pricing power. In this regard, it can be stated that even though it is beneficial for the companies in this regard but it is not desirable from the customer point of view. In this regard, it can be further stated that providing the customers with addition incentives and facilities help in increasing the market share and sales. In this regard, it can be stated that the amalgamation has adopted a similar policy in increasing the demand. It has also been evident from here that making contract with similar services and providing benefits to customers also help in increasing the demand for products of products for both the companies. In this regard, it can be stated that the role of informati on system and information technology is important. It can be further stated that this helps in increasing the efficiency of the entire system. References Motta, M. (2004).Competition policy: theory and practice. Cambridge University Press. Waterson, M. (2004).Economic theory of the industry. CUP Archive. Abreu, D., Pearce, D., Stacchetti, E. (1986). Optimal cartel equilibria with imperfect monitoring.Journal of Economic Theory,39(1), 251-269. Chamberlin, E. H. (Ed.). (2015).International Economic Association Monopoly and Competition Regulation. Springer. Tesfatsion, L., Judd, K. L. (Eds.). (2006).Handbook of computational economics: agent-based computational economics(Vol. 2). Elsevier. Patino, A., Pitta, D. A., Quinones, R. (2012). Social media's emerging importance in market research.Journal of Consumer Marketing,29(3), 233-237. Colquitt, J., Lepine, J. A., Wesson, M. J. (2011).Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Xu, H., Li, B. (2012, June). Maximizing revenue with dynamic cloud pricing: The infinite horizon case. InCommunications (ICC), 2012 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 2929-2933). IEEE. Lorna Wang, X., Bowie, D. (2009). Revenue management: the impact on business-to-business relationships.Journal of Services Marketing,23(1), 31-41. Sanchez, J. F., Satir, A. (2005). Hotel yield management using different reservation modes.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,17(2), 136-146. Mauri, A. G. (2013).Hotel revenue management: Principles and practices. Pearson Italia Spa. Tso, A., Law, R. (2005). Analysing the online pricing practices of hotels in Hong Kong.International Journal of Hospitality Management,24(2), 301-307. Kim, D., Cavusgil, S. T., Calantone, R. J. (2006). Information system innovations and supply chain management: channel relationships and firm performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,34(1), 40-54. Romney, M. B., Steinbart, P. J. (2012).Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson. Miller, J., Doyle, B. A. (1987). Measuring the effectiveness of computer-based information systems in the financial services sector.MIS quarterly, 107-124. Wong Ooi Mei, A., Dean, A. M., White, C. J. (1999). Analysing service quality in the hospitality industry.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,9(2), 136-143. Walker, J. R. (2016).Introduction to hospitality. Pearson Higher Ed. Buhalis, D., O'Connor, P. (2005). Information communication technology revolutionizing tourism.Tourism recreation research,30(3), 7-16.

Ikea Invades America free essay sample

Founded in 1943 by a poor Swedish farmer named Ingvar Kamprad, IKEA is now one of the largest furniture retailers in the world. From its inception, Kamprad wanted to create cheap, quality furniture that everyone could afford. That formula led to IKEA’s early success in Sweden and has carried over until today. To its customers, IKEA is not just a store but a way of life, which may be evident through the cult-like following the company has achieved. When talking about the four P’s of marketing (product, price, place, promotion), there are few companies in the world that have mastered this concept better than IKEA. IKEA has been able to recognize the demands of its shoppers and create compelling products that meet those demands at a reasonable price. Its products are sold at unique stores that serve strategically important, geographic markets. This paper examines the factors that have made IKEA such a big success and offers some recommendations for future growth in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Ikea Invades America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Today, IKEA has over 240 stores in 35 countries and has revenues of over $26 billion. Its revenues double every 5-6 years and the company is now expanding to growing markets like China, Japan, and Brazil. The future of IKEA looks brighter than ever. For a brief snapshot of IKEA’s current sales around the world see Appendix 1. In 1985, IKEA decided to invade America. Faced with this early failure, IKEA retooled its furniture to fit American tastes. IKEA soon became the fastest growing furniture retailer and the 14th largest furniture retailer overall in the United States. IKEA executives needed to find a balance of how to create new furniture offerings without losing its unique design and corporate soul. By examining IKEA’s marketing strategy and answering a series of four questions, we have developed recommendations (see Appendix 2) that we think will lead to IKEA’s continued growth and success. 1) What are some of the ways that furniture retailers have sought to overcome these purchase obstacles? : a) identifying a product that consumers like, b) visualizing the product in the consumer’s home, and c) getting the product in the consumer’s home? In furniture sales, there are two general strategies: the low-end and the high-end. The low-end offers cheap, utilitarian furniture that is dreary looking. Cheap furniture is marketed to people such as college students who have a small budget. The cheap furniture is also displayed in poorly lit showrooms that offer little to no customer service. High-end furniture stores compete on quality and service. The high-end offers a large selection in each style and sub-style of furniture, which results in the showroom having a large inventory. The broad, variety strategy virtually guarantees that a customer’s preferred style will be available. The high-end stores also have high touch sales associates to help customers with product selection and furniture measurement. Sales associates are trained to educate their customers; such as explaining the life spans of different materials. They also reassure customers that their furniture will last a life time. Visualizing a piece of furniture in a person’s home can be very difficult. The high-end furniture stores have beautiful showrooms that are elaborately decorated to help the customer visualize where they can place new furniture or how they can redecorate their home. High-end stores also offer interior design services. Most retailers offer credit to make high-end furniture more affordable. All retailers offer home delivery, sometimes free, to make the transition as painless as possible for the customer. As an added bonus, retailers offer to assemble the furniture in the customer’s home. Sometimes, delivering the furniture also involves rearranging furniture, as well as removing and discarding old furniture. Providing these services makes the purchase of new furniture an easy and worry-free process. 2) Explain IKEA’s reverse positioning strategy. IKEA created a matrix used to prioritize product lineup and price. (See Appendix 3) Primarily the matrix is used to set a target retail price and select a product style. With the matrix system, IKEA is able to identify product line opportunities and gaps; creating a well rounded store. IKEA has avoided the image of the low end furniture store by displaying furniture in brightly lit showrooms. These showrooms help customers envision how the furniture interacts with the allotted space. Plus color coordinated cards provide design tips and information kiosks are on hand to help customers. All of these features reinforce IKEA’s self service ethos without making the customer feel abandoned. In IKEA’s case, the firm rejected the standard business models for both high-end and low-end furniture stores. IKEA’s furniture is composed of cheaper parts that are not visible and are not under high stress through use and a higher quality material is used for the visible parts or parts under high stress. This gives IKEA’s furniture a higher end look while keeping their costs low. IKEA’s reverse positioning kept prices low, while eliminating many services thought essential to a higher-end store. The company replaced them with unique services for its category: a bright, inviting showroom, furniture that was attractively designed, a child care center, a restaurant serving Swedish meatballs, and brightly colored house wares and clever toys. As a result, IKEA successfully avoided the feel of the low-end retailers, and customers â€Å"find the IKEA shopping experience to be immensely appealing (Moon, â€Å"IKEA Invades America,† 5). 3) What are some of the various product/service attributes that IKEA has chosen to withhold from its customers? IKEA seems to incorporate a hybrid strategy focusing on both cost and differentiation. IKEA attempts to price in the low to midrange category. IKEA does not build its furniture to last a lifetime, which in-fact flows well with its ad campaigns focused on letting go of the semimetal value Americans often place on furniture. IKEA products are known for falling apart after a few years; however, its customers are typically satisfied with the look, functionality, and affordability of IKEA products (Moon, 2004, p. 5). Its focus is on cost-efficiency, so the company uses higher-quality materials on visible surfaces and lower-quality materials elsewhere. High-end stores compete on quality and â€Å"high touch† experience and selection. Nearly all types of furniture stores offer delivery services. However, IKEA successfully eliminated many of these attributes. IKEA products are designed to be transported unassembled in flat boxes, which keeps shipping costs low and prevents IKEA from having to deliver/assemble furniture for customers (Moon, 2004, p. ). Customers are responsible for transportation of their furniture and assembly of their furniture. Although this step may seem like its decreasing the consumer experience/perceived product value; it’s actually keeping the customer involvement level high. Moreover, the competitive pricing offered at IKEA is attributed to letting customer build their own furniture, which keeps costs to a minimum. Formerly, IKEA only produced a few different designs; however, this has changed in recent years. In order to be consistent with IKEA’s self-service ethos and to keep costs low, the ratio of sales assistants to customers is kept low. The low number of sales associates can have a negative effect on the consumer experience. To handle furniture questions, customers are provided with product descriptions and measuring tape so they can make their own measurements. 4) What are some of the areas that IKEA has managed to achieve cost efficiency by implementing a number of firm-specific operation processes? A number of cost effective operating processes have been implemented by IKEA. In furniture design, IKEA engineers often select cheaper/low quality materials for less visible areas that experience minimal stress and expensive materials for visible areas that undergo stress. This aids IKEA in producing durable, good-quality products at low costs. IKEA has worked with over 1,800 suppliers in over 50 countries and often uses suppliers from developing countries. To keep costs down, IKEA usually purchases in bulk and often orders various components of a given product from different suppliers. IKEA is strict with employees about waste; it enforces minimal travel budgets and requires them to save electricity. IKEA keeps a small staff in stores and provides self-serve trolleys to aid consumers in loading their vehicles. Typical furniture retailers require a larger staff and/or incur shipping costs for delivery of their bulky, already assembled products. Flat packaging allows IKEA customers to transport their purchases home and eliminates the expense of home delivery. IKEA’s flat packaging strategy is another firm specific operating process. The strategy was inspired by an employee who, in 1955, removed the legs off a table to fit it into a customer’s car. This strategy requires designers to keep in mind the amount of space their products take up in their unassembled form. Flat packaging also helps prevent damage to the products during the shipping process. IKEA will often redesign their products multiple times to achieve space optimization and reduce shipping costs. Space optimization typically lowers prices for consumers; however, it may lengthen the assembly process. IKEA should continue to incorporate cost cutting activities across the board so long as the consumer experience remains positive.

The Complete Guide on How to Write a Winning Ecology Term Paper

The Complete Guide on How to Write a Winning Ecology Term Paper Before delving into the structure and elements that characterize an ecology term paper, it is important to define what an ecology term paper is, and explore the objectives of writing a term paper on ecology. A term paper in ecology is a research paper that students are required to submit at the end of a semester to evaluate and track acquired knowledge about ecology courses. As opposed to essays on ecology, term papers require significant research and use of technical writing skills. The term paper may focus on a multitude of topics in ecology and must be well-written, organized, logical, and well-researched to reflect the learner’s knowledge of the topic, the area of study, and the term paper requirements, as provided by the professor. The lecturers provide students with term paper topics. On different occasions, it is common for instructors to present students with an opportunity to explore different topics in ecology, depending on the area of ecology studied in the course a nd the course requirements. The Peculiarities of Selecting an Ecology Term Paper Topic When choosing a topic, you should always consider the following: The length of the paper. Term papers in ecology have the varied scope of content implying that some topics may either be narrow or broad. Always consider the required length of the term paper as provided by the professors. You should ask yourself the questions, such as â€Å"Will the paper be long, at least 10 pages, or short, up to 5 pages? or How many words are required for the term paper?. The point is that when you are able to ascertain the required length of paper, it will be easy to choose topics that match the required number of words or pages. In this case, if the required length of the term paper exceeds 10 pages, choose a broad ecology topic. Conversely, select topics that are narrow if the term paper should be less than five pages. The resource availability. Check available resources, such as ecology books, articles, and online sources to not only gather ideas on topics but also ensure that a chosen topic has readily available and sufficient material for reference when writing the term paper. Magazines and news articles are also essential sources that provide different angles concerning factors affecting the ecosystems. The complexity of the topic. Some ecology topics are complex. Notably, the complexity varies depending on the level of study. Ensure that you choose topics that you can handle with ease. When it is impossible to focus on simpler topics, ensure you are able to explain the chosen topic regardless of its complexity. If stuck, seek advice from your lecturer or other experts within the learning institution. In this case, let your instructor explain certain areas of the topic that you find complex. Pre-Writing Stage to Generate and Clarify Ideas Starting the process of writing a term paper can be challenging even when one has clear prompts, materials, and ideas on what should be written. All term paper writers face the dilemma of translating their thoughts into a coherent and carefully articulated paper. Before beginning the writing process, seek clarifications where needed and go through the provided instructions where provided. Planning, brainstorming, and outlining ideas are among the essential pre-writing tips that enable one to write a coherent term paper in ecology. Planning. An ecology term paper requires appropriate articulation of facts without speculating concepts or including unfounded information. Therefore, planning is paramount because it entails determining the paper timeline, allocating time to different parts of the paper writing process, and crafting a resource outline to ensure the availability of enough reference materials. Brainstorming. As soon as you settle on a topic, start taking inventory of the topic ideas as they come to your mind and write them down in no particular order. Brainstorming helps with keeping track of all thoughts and ideas related to the topic and presents the writer with new avenues to explore concerning the term paper topic. Freewriting. Free writing is similar to the brainstorming as it helps you transfer your thoughts onto paper. However, free writing should entail writing ideas about the ecology topic in more formal sentences that only need editing and referencing. As opposed to listing ideas, ensure to transform the standalone concepts into a free flow of coherent information. Outlining. With the ecology topic at hand and ideas on the paper, make an outline of the concepts that should constitute the term paper. List ideas that should be discussed in the introduction section and those that should constitute the body of the paper and the conclusion segment. Below are examples you can choose for your ecology term paper topics: Explain the Importance of Herbivores in Preventing Competitive Exclusion; Describe the Influence of Diversity on the Function of Ecosystems; State the Past and Expected Effects of Climate Change on Vegetation; Carbon Dioxide Has Significant Effects on Plants and Humans. Explore the Direct Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Vegetation; Explain the Impacts of Ecosystems on The Quality of Water. Concise and Well-Written Thesis Statement Is a Must Our Writers Claim Setting for a topic and crafting a creative and compelling title for the term paper is only a single aspect in writing an ecology term paper. Before learning how and why to draft the thesis statement, let us analyze what a thesis statement is. What Constitutes a Thesis Statement? A thesis statement summarizes the claim or main point of the term paper. It should inform the reader of the significance of the ecology subject matter under discussion and provide a roadmap for the entire paper. If the term paper is about global warming, the thesis statement should provide a claim for or against global warming and offer a way to understand the concept. A thesis statement should: make a disputable claim or interpretation; be written as a single sentence at the end of the instruction segment of the introduction to present the writer’s argument; serve as the organizing principle of the term paper. The body of the term paper should organize information and evidence that convince the reader of the logic of your claim in the thesis statement. If the term paper topic asks you to develop a claim about protecting endangered species, you should convey that claim into the thesis statement. Term papers can require you to compare and contrast, interpret, analyze, or take a position on issues affecting the ecosystem and other elements of ecology. Thus, it is essential to develop a thesis statement and provide persuasive support using appropriate sources. Crafting an appropriate thesis statement is challenging, but it is important to know how to draft one because it is an essential component of every term paper regardless of its length. How Do I Develop a Thesis Statement? Formulating a thesis statement is a lengthy process that occurs after developing a topic for the term paper. The following steps help to develop an appropriate thesis statement. Read, analyze, and compare sources. Collect and organize information found in books, journals, articles, and online sources on the chosen ecology topic. Look for relationships between the ideas and concepts that constitute the topic and analyze the significance of the established relationships. Draft the thesis. Draft a statement that presents the basic argument of ideas that result from the analyzed sources, and which you are sure to support with scholarly evidence. The drafted statement is likely to be adjusted when writing other parts of the term paper; thus, do not be too rigid. Consider the counter-arguments. Since you will take a stand on one side of the chosen argument and ideas, consider the other side of the argument. Notably, considering the counterclaims helps in refining the thesis statement. How Do I Know If My Thesis Is Strong? Where possible, ask your friends or your instructor for feedback on the strength and viability of your thesis statement. If there are no people to provide you with feedback within the appropriate time, evaluate the thesis in person. During the evaluation, ask yourself the following questions: Does my thesis statement answer the term paper question? If the term paper is based on a question prompt, re-read the question and crosscheck it with the developed thesis statement to ensure you do not miss the focus of the question. Does my thesis pose a claim or observation that others might oppose? If the developed thesis statement does not provide room for people to oppose or challenge, then it provides a summary of information on the study topic instead of making a claim or an argument. Is the drafted thesis statement specific? Specific thesis statements present a strong argument while those that are too vague have arguments that may be difficult to challenge, which implies that they are weak. For instance, if your thesis statement reads, ‘protecting endangered species is good,’ try to be more specific by explaining why exactly it is good. Does my thesis pass the ‘so what?’ and ‘why and how’ test? If you read the thesis statement and respond with ‘so what? how? or why?’ then the thesis statement is not clear or is too open-ended. In this case, add appropriate content to satisfy the reader. Ecology Term Paper Outline as a Structure and Guidance for Writers An ecology term paper may focus on different and diverse topics. It may also be persuasive, informative, or argumentative. Regardless of its type and purpose, the structure should be well-organized, logical, and clear. The outline comprises: Cover page. The cover page text contains the name, the course, the date, and the instructor’s name. Abstract. The abstract is usually half a page long or approximately 150 words, and it describes the term paper, its content, and its significance. Introduction. The introduction is the first main part of the term paper and should begin with a hook and a statement about the term paper’s topic. Elements that characterize the introduction include: a short statement of the paper’s objective, thesis, and questions that the term paper will answer; placing the specific ecology topics in a broader context but in a way that represents the paper’s arguments; a description of relevant and current literature on the ecology subject of discussion or analysis; if necessary, a clarification of terms specific to the ecology discourse. Body. The body of your term paper should document a synthesis of the paper’s research and provide information about the paper’s topic to broaden the reader’s understanding of the ecology issue under discussion. The structure of the body segment depends on the goal of your term paper. Notably, no permanent conventions dictate aspects that need to be discussed or the manner in which they should be analyzed. Important Elements of the Body Section: Divide the body text into segments and subsections that represent the main ideas and supporting evidence. Each unique idea or argument should be in its own paragraph. Take note that a single sentence does not constitute a paragraph. Use the paragraphs and topic sentences to develop your paper argument comprehensively and without repetitions. Provide evidence for your arguments by quoting existing literature on selected ecology topics pertinent to the term paper. If the paper is argumentative, quote certain claims and contrast them with your opinion or disapprove the claims. Do not forget to provide reasons for disapproving a claim. Reference all the analogous and literal text and idea quotations. In cases where further clarification and comments are needed, but their inclusion in the text would disrupt the paper’s fluidity, insert the content as footnotes. However, the presence of the footnotes will depend on the term paper’s specified writing convention. The composition of your text should be clear and logically comprehensible, and the structure will depend on aspects unique to the chosen ecology topic. Provide reasons for your idea and criticisms rather than summarizing existing literature and gathering quotations. Moreover, you have to provide only information that is relevant to the understanding of your term paper issue. Post Writing Ecology Term Paper Tips to Get It Finally Done Proofread The term paper is not complete until you have proofread it to correct grammar, sentence structure, and content errors. While all the errors can be corrected at once during the first proofreading attempt, it is important to read through the paper twice or thrice to check for specific issues at each period. For instance, go through the paper to check grammatical errors and sentence structure mistakes. On the second reading attempt, read the paper aloud to identify incoherent content and sentence structures. Finally, assess the term paper for content meaning, coherence, and logical flow of ideas and supporting evidence. Finally, ensure the paper is free of nested sentences, passive constructions, and unreferenced content.